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| 1 | Jack and colleagues reference Darwin’s “The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals;” according to this piece, which of the following are true? |
 | A) | Facial expressions are understood universally. |
| B) | That man is descended from animals. |
| C) | Facial expressions are only understood by highly intelligent beings. |
| D) | None of the above. |
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| 2 | What is the universality hypothesis? |
| A) | Six basic internal human emotions are expressed through the same facial movements across all cultures. |
| B) | All facial expressions are the same worldwide. |
| C) | Different cultures see different facial expressions differently. |
| D) | Both a & b |
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| 3 | Chua, who argues for the benefits of “Chinese” parenting, identifies being ______________ as the key to raising successful children in modern society. |
| A) | loving |
| B) | strict |
| C) | empathic |
| D) | bilingual |
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| 4 | Rutherford, who argues that the real differences in parenting do not differ much by nationality, contends that the more important variations in parenting are based on: |
| A) | socio-economic status. |
| B) | gender. |
| C) | race. |
| D) | ethnicity. |
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| 5 | In the Begley article, it is argued that sadness and negative mood may be beneficial for people because: |
| A) | sadness and negative mood help to direct thinking. |
| B) | sadness helps people to experience the full range of human conditions. |
| C) | negative moods helps people to become more innovative. |
| D) | All of the above. |
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| 6 | According to the Begley article on happiness, the survey that looked at differences between moderate and extreme level of happiness found the highest level of happiness were paired with: |
| A) | highest income. |
| B) | participation in volunteer activities. |
| C) | stable relationships. |
| D) | education levels. |
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| 7 | Brown, who discusses ways that alcohol exposure can cause harm during prenatal development, contends that: |
| A) | prenatal alcohol exposure is associated with later life behavioral problems. |
| B) | prenatal alcohol exposure accelerates the nervous system. |
| C) | prenatal alcohol exposure is similar to malnutrition. |
| D) | prenatal alcohol exposure has little influence on physical health. |
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| 8 | Moskin, who suggests that drinking during pregnancy can be reasonable and the decision should be left to the mother, notes that: |
| A) | doctors are unanimous against any drinking during pregnancy. |
| B) | drinking during pregnancy has been a taboo for at least a century. |
| C) | there is little evidence that moderate or occasional drinking is harmful during pregnancy. |
| D) | the public seems to have much trust in pregnant women’s decision making. |
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| 9 | U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, as part of a public health campaign to promote breastfeeding, argues that the importance of breastfeeding is evidenced by positive: |
| A) | health effects. |
| B) | psychosocial effects. |
| C) | economic effects. |
| D) | All of the above. |
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| 10 | Artis, who questions the whether breastfeeding is always best for infant development, considers the contemporary emphasis on breastfeeding to be part of a larger trend labeled: |
| A) | grassroots parenting. |
| B) | intensive mothering. |
| C) | cooperative child rearing. |
| D) | baby-centered parenting. |
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| 11 | What is the main difference between Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and Sudden Unexpected Infant Deaths (SUIDs)? |
| A) | SIDS is a type of SUIDS. |
| B) | SUIDs is always related to suffocation. |
| C) | SIDS is more common than SUIDs. |
| D) | They are the same. |
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| 12 | According to the study discussed by Schnitzer, which statement would the author most likely support? |
| A) | Co-sleeping with an infant is safe. |
| B) | Co-sleeping is dangerous and may increase the chance of infant death. |
| C) | Co-sleeping is appropriate in some circumstances. |
| D) | Co-sleeping can be very beneficial for infants. |
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| 13 | According to King, Gurian, and Stevens, who argue that gender based brain differences should be accommodated in schools, boys are more likely than girls to be: |
| A) | graphic thinkers and kinesthetic learners. |
| B) | verbal processors. |
| C) | reading and writing specialists. |
| D) | active thinkers and sedentary learners. |
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| 14 | Eliot asserts that gender based brain differences have been widely misinterpreted. In fact, she argues that: |
| A) | gender based brain differences are much larger than most people think. |
| B) | gender based brain differences are more about neurochemistry than neural structures. |
| C) | no mental ability is “hardwired” into the brain. |
| D) | only cultural differences are hardwired into the brain. |
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| 15 | According to the article written by Yoshikawa and colleagues, which of the following is true regarding preschool programs? |
| A) | There is no valid research that supports the effectiveness of preschool. |
| B) | Preschool programs help solely in the development of interpersonal skills. |
| C) | Children in the middleclass reap the most benefits from preschool programs. |
| D) | Children gain a third of a year of additional learning in language, reading and math through preschool programs. |
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| 16 | What indicators offer the strongest hope for improving both classroom quality and child outcomes from the preschool years? |
| A) | Intensive curriculum |
| B) | Monitoring the child’s progress |
| C) | Integrated professional development |
| D) | All of the above |
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| 17 | Anderson, who asserts that violent video games cause youth violence, considers controversy around this issue analogous to: |
| A) | the question of whether tobacco poses serious health risks. |
| B) | the rumors about problems caused by childhood vaccinations. |
| C) | debates about how to best teach mathematics. |
| D) | questions about the root causes of teenage pregnancy. |
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| 18 | Olsen, Kutner, and Beresin, who think there are good reasons for children to play violent video games, find that aggressive children: |
| A) | do not usually play video games. |
| B) | tend to find video games calming. |
| C) | were not usually aggressive before starting to play video games. |
| D) | were already aggressive before starting to play video games. |
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| 19 | Some of the strengths of people with autism include: |
| A) | an excellent understanding systems. |
| B) | heightened visual-spatial abilities. |
| C) | understanding people, particularly social interactions. |
| D) | Both a and b |
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| 20 | According to the research presented in Padawer’s article, which of following were shown to increase the likelihood of progress for children with autism? |
| A) | Children with a nonverbal IQ of at least 70? |
| B) | Children with more willingness to imitate others |
| C) | Children with better motor skills |
| D) | All of the abve |
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| 21 | Laurence Steinberg, who suggests that new brain science helps explain adolescent risk taking, contends that: |
| A) | risk taking seems to be housed in the amygdala. |
| B) | risk taking seems to be housed in the corpus collosum. |
| C) | risk taking seems to be a product of competition between socioemotional and cognitive-control networks. |
| D) | risk taking seems to be a product of competition between the id and the superego. |
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| 22 | Steinberg discusses research suggesting significant changes in the brain during adolescence. With which of the following statements would he likely disagree? |
| A) | There should be more focus on educating adolescents about risky behavior. |
| B) | Heightened risk taking during adolescence is likely to be, to some extent, inevitable. |
| C) | Changes in cognitive control are associated with brain development. |
| D) | Adolescents tend to take more risks than children or adults. |
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| 23 | According to the Cosmo girl study, 40% of teens and young adults give this rationale for girls and women sending and posting sexually suggestive messages and images? |
| A) | Pressure from boys and men |
| B) | Pressure from friends |
| C) | Both a and b |
| D) | None of the above |
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| 24 | According to the Cosmo girl study, how many teen girls/teen boys said they have had sexually suggestive text messages or emails originally meant with someone else shared with them? |
| A) | 25% - 33% |
| B) | 38% - 39% |
| C) | 39% - 59% |
| D) | 22% - 68% |
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| 25 | According to Twenge, a third influence on personality development that should take its place next to more recognized influences is: |
| A) | genetics and the family. |
| B) | individual environment. |
| C) | evolutionary theory. |
| D) | the sociocultural environment. |
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| 26 | Between the 1950s and the 1990s, self-reports of anxiety have: |
| A) | increased 10-fold. |
| B) | risen about a standard deviation. |
| C) | decreased due to better economic conditions. |
| D) | stayed basically the same. |
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| 27 | Winston, who finds college students engaged in religion in innovative ways, states that: |
| A) | most students do “cafeteria-style” religion. |
| B) | most students only really care about their own religious faith. |
| C) | most students are only moderately religious. |
| D) | most college students are curious to learn more about other faiths. |
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| 28 | Winston cites recent surveys showing that levels of religious tolerance and acceptance among contemporary college students are: |
| A) | low. |
| B) | moderate. |
| C) | high. |
| D) | deeply divided. |
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| 29 | According to Feinstein et al., social networking does NOT provide a venue for which behavior: |
| A) | actively interacting with others. |
| B) | obtaining information about others. |
| C) | increasing social phobias. |
| D) | passively interacting with others. |
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| 30 | Feinstein et al., predicted that negative social comparison on Facebook would lead to: |
| A) | decreases in the use of rumination as an emotion regulation strategy. |
| B) | higher rates of suicide in adolescents. |
| C) | decreased Facebook usage. |
| D) | increases in the use of rumination as an emotion regulation strategy. |
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| 31 | Wilcox and his colleagues affiliated with the Institute for American Values think social science makes a convincing case for valuing marriage, and cite findings that cohabitation without marriage: |
| A) | might be even better for development. |
| B) | seems significantly worse for development. |
| C) | does not have significantly different outcomes. |
| D) | is likely to decline in coming years. |
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| 32 | Wilcox and colleagues suggest that marriage is increasingly at risk in American society. With which of the following statements would they likely agree? |
| A) | More people now get divorced than ever before. |
| B) | More people now stay together only for the sake of children. |
| C) | More people now feel comfortable with cohabitation as an alternative to marriage. |
| D) | More people now retreat from marriage regardless of their social class. |
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| 33 | The Family Law Amendment Bill 2006: |
| A) | guarantees visitation right to parents. |
| B) | give rights to children to spend time with grandparents. |
| C) | gives children the right to spend time with all of those who play a significant role in their care, welfare, and development. |
| D) | None of the above. |
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| 34 | One of the findings by Qu et al., indicated that parents who separated after the 2006 reform considered time spent with grandparents when deciding parenting arrangements: |
| A) | less often. |
| B) | more often. |
| C) | not at all. |
| D) | almost never. |
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| 35 | Graham and Ritchie, who challenge the relevance of “Mild Cognitive Impairment” as a medical diagnosis, contend that: |
| A) | the symptoms are too variable to be considered one medical problem. |
| B) | there is no difference between “Mild Cognitive Impairment” and Alzheimer’s Disease. |
| C) | there is little evidence that older adults experience cognitive decline. |
| D) | we should trust pharmaceutical companies to decide what qualifies as a medical problem. |
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| 36 | Graham and Ritchie argue that validating the diagnosis of “Mild Cognitive Impairment” creates many risks related to older adults. With which of the following statements would they likely disagree? |
| A) | The diagnosis caters more to drug companies than to patients. |
| B) | The diagnosis has the potential to create unnecessary anxiety about normal aging. |
| C) | The diagnosis could create confusion as to its relationship with dementia. |
| D) | The diagnosis could lead to unnecessary hospitalization of many older adults. |
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| 37 | Rae and colleagues, who make a case for biomedical interventions to address normal aging, note that up to now much anti-aging research has been: |
| A) | unsuccessful but educational. |
| B) | promising but underfunded. |
| C) | rigorous but lacking applied value. |
| D) | well-funded but too abstract. |
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| 38 | Which of the following statements best captures what Rae and colleagues mean when noting that recent research suggests ‘aging is plastic?’ |
| A) | Our chronological age does not matter as much as our social age. |
| B) | Most aging processes can be reversed by science. |
| C) | The maximum life span is not a fixed entity. |
| D) | The aging process bounces between fast and slow at different life stages. |