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| 1 | Fields argues that Thomas and Baker’s criticisms and suggestions about how to avoid committing a type I error “is not pertinent” because: |
 | A) | Type I and type II errors only apply to diagnostic testing. |
| B) | Attempts to avoid committing a type I error would bias the results of any study. |
| C) | Committing a type I error is just as wrong as committing a type II error. |
| D) | Type II errors are not relevant in determining the significance of a relationship. |
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| 2 | Thomas and Baker suggest comparisons between groups that have been trained on different tasks because: |
| A) | It will show that structural changes are specific to a given task and what aspects of a given task are necessary for promoting structural changes. |
| B) | It will show what aspects of a given task are necessary for promoting structural changes as well the responsiveness of the adult brain to specific tasks. |
| C) | It will show that structural changes are specific to a given task and the neurons involved with this particular behavior. |
| D) | It will show that cortical areas of the brain are not changed by chance alone or other preexisting anatomical brain abnormalities. |
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| 3 | Why is it impossible, according to Gantt and Melling, for scientists to be fully objective when drawing conclusions from data? |
| A) | Because, whether they acknowledge it or not, scientists always have a personal agenda that they are trying to further by conducting research. |
| B) | Because scientists must unavoidably have a conceptual framework that guides their method and the interpretation of their data, which biases their findings. |
| C) | Because data are inherently biased. |
| D) | Because the scientific method is a bias that few acknowledge. |
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| 4 | About which of the following points would the authors of the two articles DISAGREE? |
| A) | Evolutionary psychology has come under major scrutiny by academics of various disciplines. |
| B) | Evolutionary psychology is an explanatory framework that has implications for explaining all psychological phenomena. |
| C) | Evolutionary psychology is not driven by a particular ideology, but by a motive to increase understanding of the natural world. |
| D) | The Standard Social Science model is not the ideal framework for understanding human psychology. |
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| 5 | Which of the following is NOT a main argument Jones and his
colleagues make against past behavioral genetic studies of
homosexuality? |
| A) | In the monozygotic twins studies, actual sample sizes were small and potentially biased. |
| B) | In the monozygotic twins studies, there were no control groups. |
| C) | Samples were recruited using methods that were likely to produce a biased sample inclined to favor genetic explanations of sexual orientation. |
| D) | All of the above are arguments Jones et al. made against past behavioral genetic studies on homosexuality. |
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| 6 | According to Rahman, empirical studies have reliably demonstrated that homosexual men have a greater number of older brothers than heterosexual men do. This phenomenon is called: |
| A) | the fraternal birth order (FBO) effect. |
| B) | the maternal immunity (MI) hypothesis. |
| C) | the older brother predisposition (OBP) effect. |
| D) | the prenatal androgen phenomenon (PAP). |
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| 7 | Haeffel, et al., refers to the “college sophomore problem.” What is this problem? |
| A) | Sophomores are at the biggest risk for dropping out of college. |
| B) | Most research is done on American college students (sophomores). |
| C) | Most college sophomores are too immature to do serious psychology. |
| D) | Most psychology studies have researchers too inexperienced to be valid. |
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| 8 | According to Haeffel, et al., basic psychological research can apply to real world cases such as: |
| A) | Clinical myopia. |
| B) | Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. |
| C) | The Abu Ghraib prison scandal and terrorism. |
| D) | All of the above. |
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| 9 | The Presidential Task Force on Evidence-Based Practice in Psychology (EBPP) critiques the methodology of empirically supported treatments (ESTs) for relying too heavily on: |
| A) | case studies. |
| B) | psychological assessment. |
| C) | randomized controlled trials. |
| D) | qualitative research. |
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| 10 | Compared to ESTs, EBPP is: |
| A) | the more comprehensive concept. |
| B) | the more narrow concept. |
| C) | fundamentally the same as ESTs. |
| D) | none of the above |
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| 11 | Sonia K. Kang and her colleagues, who, in one respect, believe that research from social cognitive neuroscience should be used to inform public policy, explain that a fundamental goal of scientific inquiry is the unification of knowledge across multiple levels of analysis, or |
| A) | implicit cognition. |
| B) | empiricism. |
| C) | consilience. |
| D) | determinism. |
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| 12 | Sonia K. Kang and her colleagues, who, in another respect, do not believe that research from social cognitive neuroscience should be used to inform public policy, state that there can be no doubt that social neuroscience is at its core an exercise in |
| A) | antithetical analyses. |
| B) | mundane phenomena. |
| C) | stigmatized identification. |
| D) | reductionism. |
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| 13 | Gruel's central argument is that playing violent video games is most likely to: |
| A) | decrease the attention span of children and diagnoses of ADHD |
| B) | increase psychotic tendencies, turning children into killers |
| C) | replace ethical reasoning and empathic capacities with increased spatial reasoning skills |
| D) | increase the frequency and seriousness of physical aggression in children |
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| 14 | Indicate which statement best summarizes Millet's central argument: |
| A) | The violence portrayed in video games is largely unrealistic, and therefore unreproducible by children |
| B) | Violent video games increase aggression in adults just as much as they do in children |
| C) | There is no empirical foundation that playing violent video games harms minors |
| D) | Violent video games provide no greater increases in aggression than exposure to television or other violent media |
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| 15 | Accordingly to Crowl et al., what are the issues with previous research on this topic? |
| A) | Most studies are based on responses from gay fathers and have not collected responses from children about their experiences with their parents. |
| B) | Most studies have not collected responses from children about their experiences with their parents and are based on small sample sizes. |
| C) | Obtaining a random sample has been difficult and most studies have not collected responses from children about their experiences with their parents. |
| D) | Obtaining a random sample has been difficult and most studies are based on small sample sizes. |
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| 16 | Which of the following most accurately describes Regnerus’ argument against the meta-analysis of self-report data conducted by Crowl et al.? |
| A) | It is valid but unreliable because fathers represent the majority of respondents. |
| B) | Data collected though self-report questionnaires are unreliable in any population. |
| C) | The self-report data is valid but cannot be interpreted accurately due to small sample sizes. |
| D) | Gay or lesbian parents are likely to inflate their responses in a positive manner. |
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| 17 | In the social comparison anagram experiment: |
| A) | happy people responded differently than unhappy people when exposed to a slower confederate. |
| B) | happy people responded differently than unhappy people when exposed to a faster confederate. |
| C) | happy people tried to help when exposed to a slower confederate. |
| D) | b & c. |
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| 18 | The “hedonic treadmill” refers to: |
| A) | the idea that people continue to pursue happiness, but they will never get there. |
| B) | the idea that people tend to return to a set point level of happiness regardless of circumstances |
| C) | the idea that people’s happiness is 50% genetically determined. |
| D) | the belief that one will be considerably happier after a major positive life change, such as winning the lottery. |
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| 19 | The articles in this issue indicate that Locke and Mayer, et. al., would agree that: |
| A) | the ability to read the emotions of others is a specific type of intelligence. |
| B) | the ability to discriminate between emotions is not intelligence, but a learned skill. |
| C) | popular media definitions of EI make unwarranted claims. |
| D) | b and c |
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| 20 | Locke’s article indicates that: |
| A) | highly motivated people can increase their intelligence. |
| B) | people who are high in EI are generally highly motivated. |
| C) | motivation can compensate for lack of intelligence. |
| D) | highly motivated people are usually highly intelligent. |
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| 21 | What is a major challenge to establishing causality with research on abortion? |
| A) | Most abortions are done in secret, without the knowledge of scientists. |
| B) | Intention of pregnancy cannot be statistically controlled for. |
| C) | Most research ignores abortions’ effect on men. |
| D) | It is unethical to randomly assign women to conceive and then terminate or deliver an unintended pregnancy. |
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| 22 | Coleman et al. identified several variables that differentiated women who had aborted from women who had not. Women who aborted were more likely to: |
| A) | be white and unemployed. |
| B) | be free of sexual abuse, be currently married. |
| C) | be older, more educated, working. |
| D) | live in larger households, generally free of major life stressors. |
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| 23 | Which of the following is NOT one of the three subtypes of ADHD? |
| A) | Predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. |
| B) | Predominantly inattentive type. |
| C) | Predominantly spontaneous type. |
| D) | Combined type. |
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| 24 | In the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA) cited in the National Institute of Mental Health article, what did the researchers find in regards to the effectiveness of different treatments for ADHD? |
| A) | Behavioral treatment and routine community treatment were more effective than medication management alone. |
| B) | Medication management was usually more effective than the combined treatment in the areas of anxiety and oppositionality. |
| C) | Long-term combination treatments (medication management and behavioral therapy) and medication management alone were more effective than intensive behavioral treatment. |
| D) | Routine community treatments were usually more effective than long-term combination treatments. |
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| 25 | Cabrera, Shannon, and Tamis-LeMonda found two significant factors which predicted better outcomes for children. These factors were the presence of positive parenting and _____. |
| A) | good personal hygiene |
| B) | more education |
| C) | positive internal dialogue |
| D) | a steady income |
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| 26 | Cabrera, Shannon, and Tamis-LeMonda's study measured the positive effects of active father parenting on children's: |
| A) | cognitive, language, social, and emotional development |
| B) | fine motor skills |
| C) | academic achievement |
| D) | development of the notion of object permanence |
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| 27 | A primary reason why many psychologist believe that the Dodo hypothesis is false stems from: |
| A) | not combining various treatments for various disorders in the research. |
| B) | reported measures that do not show the efficacy of
treatments for specific disorders. |
| C) | efficacy results that are reported without using meta-analysis as a research method. |
| D) | a lack of representative efficacy trials. |
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| 28 | The Dodo hypothesis proposes that |
| A) | the effects of psychotherapy are due to common factors. |
| B) | technique does not significant when considering psychotherapy’s effectiveness. |
| C) | common factors and technique together account for how effective therapy is. |
| D) | both a and b are correct. |
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| 29 | According to MacDonald and Webb, psychotherapists open the door to syncretism by choosing to: |
| A) | align with one theory or model. |
| B) | not think about what position they will take. |
| C) | take an intentional eclectic or integration stance. |
| D) | rejecting eclectic and single-theory approaches in favor of creating their own theory. |
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| 30 | Carter states that theoretical integration is problematic if it: |
| A) | provides procedures for integrating diverse perspectives. |
| B) | is associated with a single theoretical model. |
| C) | becomes its own model. |
| D) | becomes contextually applicable. |
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| 31 | The American Psychological Association's classification of homosexuality has changed over the past 50 years. Generally, this classification has changed from _______ to _______: |
| A) | a psychosocial stage of development; a maladaptive thought pattern |
| B) | a maladaptive thought pattern; a psychosocial stage of
development |
| C) | a mental disorder; a normal form of human experience |
| D) | a normal form of human experience; a mental disorder |
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| 32 | Assume Jones and Yarhouse's position. Select the statement which best represents the results of their study: |
| A) | Efforts to change sexual orientation are more likely to do harm than to help |
| B) | Sexual orientation is changeable |
| C) | Homosexuality is a mental disorder which is curable through psychotherapy |
| D) | Heterosexuality is determined from birth |
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| 33 | Carnes suggests that all of the following factors may be associated with sexual addiction except: |
| A) | A high incidence of depression and suicide. |
| B) | Extreme disruption of family, including battering, sexual
abuse, and financial distress. |
| C) | A diminished desire to engage in social activities. |
| D) | The presence of high-risk and dangerous behaviors including self-harm. |
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| 34 | Carnes states that the goal of treatment for sexual addiction is: |
| A) | Sexual aversion. |
| B) | Healthy sexuality. |
| C) | Recovery from all addictions. |
| D) | Celibacy. |
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| 35 | What is Narcissism? |
| A) | The belief that there is no life after death |
| B) | An overwhelming sense of abandonment |
| C) | A disorder that is characterized by obsessive optimism |
| D) | A personality trait that is associated with an overestimation of one's own self importance |
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| 36 | Previous research on the relationship between narcissism and the frequency of Facebook use has shown which of the following? |
| A) | Narcissism is positively associated with the frequency of Facebook use |
| B) | Narcissism is negatively associated with the frequency of Facebook use |
| C) | Narcissism is neither positively nor negatively associated with the frequency of Facebook use |
| D) | Previous research on the relationship between narcissism and the frequency of Facebook use has been mixed |