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| 1 | Stanley Wolpert, who believes that an Aryan invasion was
responsible for the demise of the Indus Valley civilization, states that the Aryans were part of a larger linguistically-based group now referred to as the: |
 | A) | Dravidians. |
| B) | Indo-Europeans. |
| C) | Sumerians. |
| D) | Cappadocians. |
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| 2 | According to Romila Thapar, who does not believe that an Aryan Invasion caused the demise of the Indus Valley civilization, the Governing authority of the Indus Valley civilization consisted of: |
| A) | self-governing city-states. |
| B) | a single imperial system. |
| C) | the ancient world’s first democracy. |
| D) | a theocratic state dominated by women. |
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| 3 | According to Chester G. Starr, who believes that Sumerian
Civilization was exclusively male- dominated, the Sumerians called
themselves: |
| A) | fertile crescent dwellers |
| B) | black-headed people |
| C) | ideograms |
| D) | people between the rivers |
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| 4 | According to Samuel Noah Kramer, who does not believe that
Sumerian Civilization was exclusively male-dominated, Enheduanna
was: |
| A) | a priestess and a poet |
| B) | a warrior queen |
| C) | a shrewd businesswoman |
| D) | a famous athlete |
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| 5 | According to Clinton Crawford, who believes that Egyptian civilization originated in Africa, which one of the following Egyptian monuments was said to have "Negroid" characteristics? |
| A) | The Colossus of Rhodes. |
| B) | Ramses II's sarcophagus. |
| C) | The Sphinx. |
| D) | Hatshepsut's Monument at Karnack. |
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| 6 | Kathryn A. Bard, who does not believe Egyptian Civilization
originated in Africa, sees Egypt as being geographically |
| A) | isolated from its neighbors. |
| B) | too large in size to be governed effectively by one person. |
| C) | too far from Greece to have any contact with that civilization. |
| D) | the land bridge between Asia and Africa. |
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| 7 | Paul Cartledge, who thinks the Spartan idea of freedom was
compromised, quotes Critias as saying that among the Spartans could
be found |
| A) | the most free people in Greece. |
| B) | the most unfree people in Greece. |
| C) | the most free people in the Greece and the most unfree. |
| D) | neither the most free nor the most unfree people in Greece |
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| 8 | Byron Farwell, who finds the Spartan idea of freedom less
compromised explains that on the last day of the battle the Spartans |
| A) | freed the Helots who fought with them. |
| B) | knew they could not win and prepared to die fighting. |
| C) | Both a and b are true |
| D) | Neither a nor b is true |
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| 9 | According to Ian Worthington, who feels that Alexander should be denied the title, “The Great,” those who award him this title: |
| A) | place too much emphasis on Alexander’s military conquests. |
| B) | fail to consider his roles as king, commander, and statesman. |
| C) | fail to separate mythology from history. |
| D) | all of the above are correct |
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| 10 | According to Paul Cartledge, who believes that Alexander should not be denied the title, “The Great,” he was ________ as a conqueror. |
| A) | boldly strategic but not courageous |
| B) | courageous but unwilling to share the rigors of battle |
| C) | superior in all relevant categories of warfare |
| D) | marginal in all categories of warfare |
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| 11 | According to Karen L. King, who believes Christianity liberated
women, Christians in the earliest days of their religion met for
worship: |
| A) | in pagan temples |
| B) | in Roman basilicas |
| C) | in people's private homes |
| D) | out of doors |
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| 12 | According to Lisa Bellan-Boyer, who does not believe Christianity
liberated women, the early Christian Church restricted women's full
participation in order to: |
| A) | please Jewish leaders. |
| B) | please Christian men. |
| C) | fit into accepted Muslim social conventions. |
| D) | fit into the honor/shame system in the Greco-Roman world. |
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| 13 | According to Adrian Goldsworthy, who believes that internal
factors were responsible for the fall of the Roman Empire, the major
element was: |
| A) | long-standing religious wars. |
| B) | attacks by the Huns. |
| C) | two centuries of civil wars. |
| D) | betrayal by the Eastern Empire. |
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| 14 | According to Peter Heather, who believes the Huns' invasion of
Europe and its consequences were responsible for the fall of Rome,
the ethnic roots of the Huns were: |
| A) | Iranian. |
| B) | Mongol. |
| C) | Turkic. |
| D) | Indian. |
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| 15 | During the Nika rebellion of 532, Paolo Cesaretti, who believes
the Byzantine Empire benefited from the rule of Justinian and
Theodora, portrays Theodora as: |
| A) | cowardly. |
| B) | courageous. |
| C) | apathetic. |
| D) | absent from the negotiations. |
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| 16 | Procopius, who does not believe the Byzantine Empire benefited
from the rule of Justinian and Theodora, describes the royal couple
as: |
| A) | flawed human beings who tried their best. |
| B) | concerned always for the good of the empire. |
| C) | fiends who cared only for their private goals. |
| D) | apathetic rulers who were interested only in each other. |
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| 17 | According to David Drew, who believes that environmental were
responsible for the Maya collapse, the collapse: |
| A) | occurred gradually over a long period of time. |
| B) | had little precedence in world history. |
| C) | was predictable based on previous civilization collapses. |
| D) | worsened because of the actions of the religious leaders. |
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| 18 | Payson Sheets, who does not believe that environmental factors
were responsible for the Maya collapse, emphasizes_________ as
responsible for the Maya collapse. |
| A) | severe droughts |
| B) | earthquakes |
| C) | slave revolts |
| D) | wars and their consequences |
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| 19 | According to Arthur Jones, who thinks the Crusades can be
considered a Christian jihad, the Crusades of the eleventh, twelfth,
and thirteenth centuries can be seen as a clash of: |
| A) | political systems. |
| B) | religions. |
| C) | civilizations. |
| D) | cultures. |
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| 20 | Jonathan Phillips, who does not think the Crusades can be
considered a Christian jihad, believes all but which of the
following were motivations for Crusaders: |
| A) | Hatred of Muslims. |
| B) | Hope for remission of sins. |
| C) | Desire for wealth or land. |
| D) | A family tradition of pilgrimage. |
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| 21 | Jack Weatherford, who claims that Genghis Khan was an
enlightened leader, states that as a boy in Mongolia he showed early
evidence of: |
| A) | the promise of the achievements he would one day make. |
| B) | an instinct for survival and self-preservation. |
| C) | strong religious feelings. |
| D) | a desire for education and higher learning. |
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| 22 | According to Mike Edwards, who states that Genghis Khan was not
an enlightened leader, Samarkand was: |
| A) | the capital city of Genghis Khan's empire. |
| B) | Genghis Khan's most noteworthy general. |
| C) | a city which Genghis Khan destroyed. |
| D) | a university Genghis Khan established in Russia. |
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| 23 | Winston L. King, who finds Zen to be the primary shaper of the warrior code of the Japanese samurai, credits which of the following
with uniting Zen and the samurai? |
| A) | Honganji Buddhism |
| B) | Eisai, a Tendai monk |
| C) | Armand-Jean Cardinal Richelieu |
| D) | The Noh play |
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| 24 | Fred Stern, who does not find Zen to be the primary shaper of the warrior code of the Japanese samurai, believes, instead, that the primary influence was: |
| A) | The warrior tradition |
| B) | Confucian societal values |
| C) | Taoist respect for nature |
| D) | Shinto spirit tradition |
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| 25 | Margaret L. King, who believes that women and men benefitted
equally from the Renaissance, focuses her research on women's: |
| A) | sex roles. |
| B) | educational opportunities. |
| C) | legal progress. |
| D) | consciousness of themselves. |
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| 26 | Joan Kelly-Gadol, who does not believe women and men benefitted
equally from the Renaissance, focuses her research on women's: |
| A) | sex roles. |
| B) | educational opportunities. |
| C) | legal progress. |
| D) | consciousness of themselves. |
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| 27 | Nicholas Kristof, who believes that China's worldview was the
main reason for the cancellation of its maritime programs during the
Ming Dynasty, states that for the last several 1000 years, it would
have seemed far likelier that: |
| A) | China would be more isolated than it is today. |
| B) | Chinese or Indians would dominate the world by 2000. |
| C) | China would have become more western than they are. |
| D) | communism would not become part of China's worldview. |
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| 28 | Bruce Swanson, who emphasizes multiple factors as responsible
for China's cessation of its maritime efforts, sees China's
historical interest in sea power as: |
| A) | a temporary aberration which ended during the Ming Dynasty. |
| B) | constantly supported by the Chinese court Confucian scholars. |
| C) | part of the strong influence of the maritime spirit on China. |
| D) | an impractical scheme supported by Ming Emperor Yongle. |
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| 29 | According to Robert Royal, who believes that Columbus's New
World discoveries had a positive effect on world history, the world
we know began: |
| A) | during the Italian Renaissance. |
| B) | in the fifteenth century. |
| C) | with the settlement of North America. |
| D) | as a result of the Industrial Revolution |
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| 30 | Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who believes that Columbus's voyages did
not have a positive effect on world history, is a citizen of the
Latin American country of: |
| A) | Argentina |
| B) | Venezuela |
| C) | Barbados |
| D) | Columbia |
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| 31 | Retha Warnicke, who believes that gender did affect Elizabeth's
reign, states that by its end her success: |
| A) | significantly changed attitudes about women rulers. |
| B) | paved the way for another successful woman ruler. |
| C) | was viewed as an exception to appropriate practices. |
| D) | led to religious revolt in England. |
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| 32 | Susan Doran, who believes that gender played a lesser role in
Elizabeth's reign, evaluates her rule by calling her a: |
| A) | feminist icon. |
| B) | woman who proved an exceptional women could rule. |
| C) | ruler who gave men too much power over her. |
| D) | queen who excelled in foreign matters but not domestic ones. |
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| 33 | Robert Kolb, who believes that Martin Luther's reforms improved
the lives of European Christians, calls him: |
| A) | the first and best humanist. |
| B) | a prophetic teacher and hero. |
| C) | more forward thinking than Erasmus of Rotterdam. |
| D) | very out of sync with his own times, but a true revolutionary. |
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| 34 | Hans Kung who does not believe that Martin Luther's reforms
improved the lives of European Christians, notes that religion by
region resulted in: |
| A) | a much appreciated religious freedom for ordinary Christians. |
| B) | increased power for local religious authorities. |
| C) | the predominance of state over church in ways that proved
unhealthy for both. |
| D) | a stalemate between church and state that was never resolved. |
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| 35 | Anne Llewellyn Barstow, who believes that the witch hunts were
misogynistic, states that a typical witch in the era covered was |
| A) | female. |
| B) | old. |
| C) | unattractive. |
| D) | all of the above |
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| 36 | According to Robert W. Thurston, who does not believe that the
witch hunts were misogynistic, approximately __________ percent of
those accused of witchcraft and executed were men. |
| A) | 10 percent |
| B) | 15 percent |
| C) | 20 percent |
| D) | 25 percent |
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| 37 | According to Edward Grant, who believes that the Scientific
Revolution was revolutionary, all of the following made this
revolution possible, except: |
| A) | the translation of Greco-Arabic science manuscripts. |
| B) | the formation of the medieval university. |
| C) | the Renaissance. |
| D) | the emergence of a class of theologian-natural philosophers. |
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| 38 | Steven Shapin, who does not believe that the Scientific
Revolution was revolutionary, argues that the phrase "Scientific
Revolution" was coined in the: |
| A) | seventeenth century. |
| B) | eighteenth century. |
| C) | nineteenth century. |
| D) | twentieth century. |
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| 39 | According to Roy Porter, who believes the British Enlightenment paved the way for the modern world, in which ways was Britain ahead of Continental Europe during this time period? |
| A) | Military and diplomatic. |
| B) | Political and empirical. |
| C) | Artistic and literary. |
| D) | Trade and business. |
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| 40 | According to John Robertson, who does not believe the British Enlightenment paved the way for the modern world, England’s lack of participation in the key intellectual conversations of the day was due to its: |
| A) | close-mindedness. |
| B) | powerful and autocratic church. |
| C) | absolute and tyrannical monarch. |
| D) | political and intellectual progress. |