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| 1 | Edward Shorter, who believes that the Industrial Revolution led to a sexual revolution, argues that |
 | A) | neither context nor values changed. |
| B) | both context and values changed. |
| C) | values changed, context remained the same. |
| D) | context changed, values remained the same. |
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| 2 | Louise A. Tilly, Joan W. Scott, and Miriam Cohen, who do not believe that the Industrial Revolution led to a sexual revolution, argue that |
| A) | neither context nor values changed. |
| B) | both context and values changed. |
| C) | values changed, context remained the same. |
| D) | context changed, values remained the same. |
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| 3 | Which one of the following phrases best describes the career of Peter Kropotkin, who believes that the French Revolution was worth its human costs? |
| A) | A French revolutionary pamphleteer |
| B) | A German middle class reactionary |
| C) | A Hungarian religious zealot |
| D) | A Russian aristocratic anarchist |
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| 4 | According to Marisa Linton, who believes that the French Revolution was not worth its human costs, Robespierre offers a lens through which to view the human costs of the revolution because he |
| A) | had been a politician all his life |
| B) | dominated the revolution during its most radical phase |
| C) | suffered early personal losses |
| D) | was more ruthless than those who overthrew him |
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| 5 | Graham Goodlad, who believes that Napoleon Bonaparte deserves his historical reputation as a great general, states that Napoleon’s military career and achievements: |
| A) | were generally the result of the incompetence of his enemies. |
| B) | were aided by the overwhelming size of the French armies. |
| C) | will never be repeated. |
| D) | have generally not been admired by twentieth-century military historians. |
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| 6 | Jonathan Riley, who does not believe that Napoleon Bonaparte deserves his historical reputation as a great general, believes Napoleon was a military failure because he: |
| A) | won wars, but never won the peace. |
| B) | his military tactics suffered from inflexibility. |
| C) | eventually lost the respect of the French soldiers. |
| D) | had very few able subordinate generals. |
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| 7 | Christine Kinealy, who believes that British policy decisions caused the mass emigration and land reforms that followed the Irish potato famine, calls the British government's response to the crisis |
| A) | excessive. |
| B) | well-intentioned, but inefficiently delivered. |
| C) | deliberately inadequate. |
| D) | genocidal. |
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| 8 | Hasia R. Diner, who does not believe that British policy decisions caused the mass emigration and land reforms that followed the Irish potato famine, views the famine as: |
| A) | a British-engineered calamity. |
| B) | an ecological catastrophe. |
| C) | the result of poor Irish planting and inheritance practices. |
| D) | an act of God, which the Irish deserved. |
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| 9 | According to Thomas M. Huber, who believes that the Meiji Restoration constituted a revolution, it brought about all of the Following changes in nineteenth-century Japan except |
| A) | a central administrative bureaucracy based on merit. |
| B) | an ambitious public education system. |
| C) | the creation of a national university. |
| D) | increased privileges for the samurai class. |
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| 10 | According to W.G. Beasley, who does not believe that the Meiji Restoration constituted a revolution, the phrase that best describes it is a |
| A) | middle-class revolution. |
| B) | "bottom up" revolution. |
| C) | nationalist revolution. |
| D) | "top down" revolution. |
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| 11 | John MacKenzie, who believes that popular opinion was a significant ingredient in British imperialism, credits which of the following people, for first writing about jingoism or overwrought patriotism |
| A) | Prime Minister William Gladstone |
| B) | English writer Rudyard Kipling |
| C) | Prime Minister Disraeli |
| D) | English historian J.A. Hobson |
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| 12 | According to Bernard Porter, who does not believe that popular opinion was a significant ingredient in British imperialism, argues that this was because |
| A) | imperialism could have impacted on Britons without them really noticing it. |
| B) | imperialism influenced Britain socially but not economically. |
| C) | imperialism was directly responsible for the British subjugation of India. |
| D) | imperialism paved the way for Britain’s abolishment of the slave trade. |
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| 13 | According to Paul A. Cohen, who believes that the Boxer Rebellion was caused by environmental factors and their psychological impact on Chinese society, ___________ is the main factor in causing the Boxer Rebellion. |
| A) | a severe drought and resultant starvation |
| B) | peasant dissatisfaction with the Chinese government |
| C) | tension between Confucian scholars and Christian missionaries |
| D) | the effects of a major earthquake |
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| 14 | According to Henrietta Harrison, who does not believe that the Boxer Rebellion was caused by environmental factors and their psychological impact on Chinese society, ___________ provide(s) the key to understanding what motivated the Boxers. |
| A) | Chinese fear of a Japanese invasion |
| B) | dissatisfaction with the Chinese dynastic rule system |
| C) | anti-Christian and antiforeign sentiment |
| D) | none of the above |
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| 15 | According to Peter H. Wilson, who believes that Prussian militarism provoked World War I, Germany’s wars of unification in 1866 and 1871 |
| A) | made Germans wary of another war. |
| B) | had little effect on the public consciousness, regarding war. |
| C) | encouraged defections from the army. |
| D) | left Germans with pleasant memories of successful wars. |
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| 16 | According to Christopher Ray, who does not believe that Prussian militarism provoked World War I, German naval expansion did focus the British public on |
| A) | “invasion stories”. |
| B) | “superiority fantasies”. |
| C) | “radical indifference”. |
| D) | “dreams of world domination”. |
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| 17 | According to Derek Aldcroft, who believes that the Treaty of
Versailles did lead to World War II, the Treaty's most outspoken critic was: |
| A) | John Maynard Keynes |
| B) | Woodrow Wilson |
| C) | Vladimir Lenin |
| D) | Georges Clemenceau |
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| 18 | Mark Mazower, who believes that the Treaty of Versailles did not lead to World War II, lists three major criticisms usually pinned on the Versailles Treaty. Which of the following is not one of them? |
| A) | It was based on principles inconsistently applied. |
| B) | It was not so much inconsistent as ineffective. |
| C) | kept the Old War European empires intact after the war. |
| D) | It was overly ideological. |
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| 19 | According to Richard Stites, who believes that the Bolshevik Revolution improved the lives of Soviet women, the Revolution overthrew the power of all except which one of the following? |
| A) | husbands within the patriarchal family |
| B) | the Romanov dynasty and the monarchy |
| C) | the Russian Orthodox Church |
| D) | the educational system, which had previously been closed to women |
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| 20 | Lesley A. Rimmel, who does not believe that the Bolshevik Revolution improved the lives of Soviet women, writes that the central question of the revolution was: |
| A) | Could a comrade become a baba? |
| B) | Were babas and comrades equal? |
| C) | Were women and men the same or different? |
| D) | Could a man become a baba? |
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| 21 | Daniel Jonah Goldhagen who believes that German "eliminationist antisemitism" was responsible for the Holocaust, states that the people who carried out Holocaust policies were overwhelmingly: |
| A) | Austrians. |
| B) | Germans. |
| C) | Russians. |
| D) | Latvians. |
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| 22 | According to Christopher Browning, who does not believe that German "eliminationist antisemtism" was responsible for the Holocaust, sees those who actively participated in the Holocaust as: |
| A) | brainwashed robots. |
| B) | ordinary men. |
| C) | ordinary Germans. |
| D) | psychotic killers. |
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| 23 | According to Paul Wingrove, who believes that Stalin was responsible for the Korean War, Stalin encouraged North Korea to attack South Korea because he felt that: |
| A) | Soviet troops would win a swift victory. |
| B) | the U.S. would not interfere. |
| C) | he had the support of his allies. |
| D) | Mao Zedong strongly supported the attack. |
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| 24 | According to Hugh Deane, who feels that the United States was responsible for the Korean War, the war started in: |
| A) | 1950 |
| B) | 1953 |
| C) | 1948 |
| D) | 1945 |
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| 25 | According to A. T. Nuyen, who believes that Chinese Confucianism and Western capitalism are compatible, the modern West's dominance over Asia is due primarily to: |
| A) | cultural factors. |
| B) | religious factors. |
| C) | economic and political factors. |
| D) | colonialism and postcolonial ideologies. |
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| 26 | According to Jack Scarborough, who does not believe that Chinese Confucianism and Western capitalism are compatible, the modern West's dominance over Asia is due primarily to: |
| A) | cultural factors. |
| B) | religious factors. |
| C) | economic and political factors. |
| D) | colonialism and postcolonial ideologies. |
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| 27 | According to Alison Des Georges, who believes that ethnic hatred did cause the Rwandan genocide, the main reason for its occurrence was: |
| A) | the "Failed State" Syndrome in Africa. |
| B) | incentives provided to its perpetrators. |
| C) | extremists’ use of the governmental system. |
| D) | hatred and fear of the Tutsi. |
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| 28 | According to Rene Lemarchand, who believes that ethnic hatred was not the main cause of the Rwandan genocide, the main cause was: |
| A) | tribal savagery. |
| B) | a spontaneous outburst of blind fury. |
| C) | atavistic hatreds. |
| D) | lack of interference by the international community. |
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| 29 | According to John L. Esposito, who believes that Islamic revivalism challenges a stable world order, which one of the following might be used to describe the threat posed by Islam? |
| A) | the red menace |
| B) | the green menace |
| C) | the Eastern menace |
| D) | the infidels |
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| 30 | According to Sharif Shuja, who does not believe that Islamic revivalism challenges a stable world order, Islamic movements are opposed to all of the following, except: |
| A) | the existence of Judaism and Christianity. |
| B) | annexation and occupation of their lands. |
| C) | usurpation of their rights over their own natural resources. |
| D) | denigration of their religion by the Western media. |
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| 31 | Sima Wali, who believes Afghan women have been liberated from oppression, asserts that the unique aspect of the war in Afghanistan is that rhetoric against the Taliban treatment of women: |
| A) | was forgotten once bombs began to fall |
| B) | was translated into action on behalf of women |
| C) | turned out to be false |
| D) | was never intended to produce results |
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| 32 | Norwan, Mariam and Nasima, who do not believe Afghan women have been liberated from oppression, believe in democracy; yet they see reasons for concern in a country where the literacy rate for women is |
| A) | 52% |
| B) | 39% |
| C) | 26% |
| D) | 13% |
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| 33 | Mitchell P. Smith, who believes the influence of the European Union (EU) in world affairs is increasing, attributes this increase to Europe’s: |
| A) | economic stability. |
| B) | soft power. |
| C) | hard military power. |
| D) | strong “union-hood” among member nations. |
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| 34 | Efstathios T. Fakiolas, who does not believe that the influence of the European Union in world affairs is increasing, faults Europe’s: |
| A) | economic instability. |
| B) | lack of soft power. |
| C) | lack of hard military power. |
| D) | failure to achieve strong “union-hood” among member nations. |
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| 35 | According to Sharif Shuja, who believes that India’s secular democracy is severely threatened by religious nationalism, the chief goal of the BJP party is to: |
| A) | secure a permanent majority in the parliament. |
| B) | force Muslims to leave India. |
| C) | convert India into a Hindu nation. |
| D) | change the constitution. |
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| 36 | According to Martha C. Nussbaum, who does not believe that India’s secular democracy is severely threatened, the ideology of the religious right came from: |
| A) | anti-Western rhetoric |
| B) | sermons in Hindu temples |
| C) | Nazi Germany |
| D) | Stalin’s pogroms |
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| 37 | Elias D. Mallon, who argues that the so-called “Arab Spring” will benefit the region, could best be described as: |
| A) | pessimistic short-term and pessimistic long-term |
| B) | optimistic short-term and optimistic long-term |
| C) | somewhat optimistic short-term and somewhat pessimistic long-term |
| D) | somewhat pessimistic short-term and somewhat optimistic long-term |
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| 38 | Elliott Abrams, who argues that the so-called “Arab Spring” will not benefit the region, points to the stability of the monarchies whose source of legitimacy is |
| A) | Their oil wealth |
| B) | Their historical connections with a pre-colonial past |
| C) | Their backing by a strong military |
| D) | None of the above is true |