Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology (Shier), 12th Edition

Learning Outcome 18.3

1			Which of the following does NOT belong with the others?
			A)	lignin
			B)	cellulose
			C)	glycogen
			D)	pectin

Learning Outcome 18.6

2			Which of the following is most commonly oxidized for energy?
			A)	fructose
			B)	glucose
			C)	galactose
			D)	sucrose

Learning Outcome 18.4

3			Which of the following is NOT utilized for energy?
			A)	glucose
			B)	glycogen
			C)	ribose
			D)	galactose

Learning Outcome 18.4

4			Which tissue cannot store glycogen or lipids for energy?
			A)	nervous
			B)	skeletal muscle
			C)	liver
			D)	cardiac

Learning Outcome 18.3

5			Which of the following is NOT a protein derivative?
			A)	collagen
			B)	keratin
			C)	hemoglobin
			D)	cortisol

Learning Outcome 18.14

6			Nutritional edema will develop in a _____ deficiency.
			A)	protein
			B)	carbohydrate
			C)	lipid
			D)	electrolyte

Learning Outcome 18.6

7			How many calories are needed to raise 10 grams of water from 27 to 37 degrees Celsius?
			A)	100 kcal
			B)	100 cal
			C)	10 Cal
			D)	1,000 cal

Learning Outcome 18.6

8			Which food would yield the greatest number of calories?
			A)	10 gram steak
			B)	10 gram bread
			C)	10 gram cheese
			D)	15 gram rice

Learning Outcome 18.8

9			What of the following would be most accurate in the assessment of a basal metabolic rate?
			A)	oxygen consumption
			B)	total calories consumed
			C)	total calories burned
			D)	blood pressure

Learning Outcome 18.10

10			Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can be used to synthesize the vitamin _____ in human cells.
			A)	riboflavin
			B)	niacin
			C)	cyanocobalamin
			D)	folic acid

Learning Outcome 18.10

11			Coenzymes I and II have _____ as part of their structure.
			A)	folic acid
			B)	pantothenate
			C)	niacin
			D)	riboflavin

Learning Outcome 18.10

12			Which of these results from niacin deficiency?
			A)	beriberi
			B)	rickets
			C)	pellagra
			D)	megaloblastic anemia

Learning Outcome 18.10

13			Pyridoxine is a chemical name for vitamin _____.
			A)	B6
			B)	B12
			C)	B1
			D)	B2

Learning Outcome 18.10

14			Acetyl coenzyme A has _____ in its structure.
			A)	flavoprotein
			B)	folic acid
			C)	niacin
			D)	pantothenic acid

Learning Outcome 18.10

15			Pernicious anemia will develop in the absence of intrinsic factor or vitamin _____.
			A)	B6
			B)	folic acid
			C)	E
			D)	B12

Learning Outcome 18.4

16			Choose the carbohydrate that is NOT a monosaccharide absorbed from the digestive tract.
			A)	fructose
			B)	maltose
			C)	galactose
			D)	glucose

Learning Outcome 18.4

17			Which cells of the body, under normal circumstances, must have energy in the form of glucose in order to survive?
			A)	skin cells
			B)	muscle cells
			C)	neurons
			D)	cells of the liver

Learning Outcome 18.4

18			How does the body make use of dietary cholesterol?
			A)	It is used as an energy source.
			B)	It is used to line arteries.
			C)	It is used for structural material in cell membranes.
			D)	It is stored in adipose tissue.

Learning Outcome 18.6

19			The American Heart Association recommends that dietary fat should constitute no more than ________ of daily caloric intake.
			A)	10%
			B)	30%
			C)	50%
			D)	70%

Learning Outcome 18.4

20			Which of these is NOT one of the ways the body uses dietary protein?
			A)	to help regulate osmotic balance of the blood
			B)	as an energy source
			C)	for building and repairing tissue
			D)	to synthesize bile

Learning Outcome 18.6

21			In order to prevent protein losses, an adult must consume at least _____ grams of carbohydrate daily.
			A)	125
			B)	25
			C)	75
			D)	400

Learning Outcome 18.4

22			Which of the following is most likely used for energy?
			A)	cholesterol
			B)	triglycerides
			C)	phospholipids
			D)	fats

Learning Outcome 18.3

23			Which of the following can be synthesized by the liver?
			A)	cholesterol
			B)	linoleic acid
			C)	arachidonic acid
			D)	linolenic acid

Learning Outcome 18.13

24			A diet that is _____% fat is considered healthy.
			A)	5
			B)	over 30
			C)	under 30
			D)	50

Learning Outcome 18.4

25			Which of the following is the usual precursor to the others?
			A)	cholesterol
			B)	lipoproteins
			C)	phospholipids
			D)	triglycerides

Learning Outcome 18.13

26			There are _____ essential amino acids that must be included in the diet of a child.
			A)	20
			B)	5
			C)	10
			D)	8

Learning Outcome 18.13

27			Which of the following is NOT an essential adult amino acid?
			A)	methionine
			B)	phenylalanine
			C)	isoleucine
			D)	alanine

Learning Outcome 18.13

28			Arginine and _____ are additional amino acids that must be provided to children.
			A)	glutamine
			B)	glycine
			C)	histidine
			D)	cysteine

Learning Outcome 18.3

29			Which of the following is a source of incomplete protein?
			A)	fish
			B)	corn
			C)	poultry
			D)	milk

Learning Outcome 18.4

30			Which of these functions is the least important for proteins?
			A)	become blood osmotic proteins
			B)	convert to enzymes
			C)	utilization for energy
			D)	component of structures

Learning Outcome 18.7

31			The average basal metabolic rate requires one calorie of energy per hour for each _____ of body weight.
			A)	gram
			B)	kilogram
			C)	10 grams
			D)	10 kilograms

Learning Outcome 18.7

32			Which of the following does NOT tend to decrease basal metabolic rate?
			A)	being female
			B)	larger individuals
			C)	body temperature of 97 F
			D)	thyroxine levels

Learning Outcome 18.7

33			Which has the highest caloric usage per hour?
			A)	jogging
			B)	walking up stairs
			C)	vigorous exercise
			D)	swimming

Learning Outcome 18.9

34			The desirable weight for a 26-year-old female who is 5 feet and has a medium frame is around _____ pounds.
			A)	100
			B)	150
			C)	110
			D)	90

Learning Outcome 18.9

35			Persons are considered obese if their weight is _____ over the desired weight.
			A)	50 lbs
			B)	10%
			C)	19%
			D)	21%

Learning Outcome 18.10

36			Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin?
			A)	A
			B)	B
			C)	D
			D)	E

Learning Outcome 18.10

37			Which of the following does NOT contain vitamin A?
			A)	carrots
			B)	fish
			C)	milk
			D)	liver

Learning Outcome 18.10

38			Which of the following is derived from vitamin A?
			A)	rhodopsin
			B)	beta-carotene
			C)	bile salts
			D)	cholesterol

Learning Outcome 18.10

39			Which of these factors causes vitamin A destruction?
			A)	heat
			B)	acid
			C)	light
			D)	alkali

Learning Outcome 18.10

40			What is the most active form of vitamin D?
			A)	dihydroxycholecalciferol
			B)	cholecalciferol
			C)	hydroxycholecalciferol
			D)	ergocalciferol

Learning Outcome 18.10

41			Which is the best source of vitamin D?
			A)	natural cow's milk
			B)	enriched milk
			C)	fortified milk
			D)	vegetables

Learning Outcome 18.10

42			Vitamin D deficiency could result in poor _____.
			A)	vision
			B)	bone growth
			C)	skin development
			D)	neurologic functions

Learning Outcome 18.10

43			Which of these is a potent anti-oxidizing agent?
			A)	vitamin A
			B)	vitamin E
			C)	alpha-tocopherol
			D)	vitamin D

Learning Outcome 18.10

44			The most important vitamin which promotes normal blood clotting is vitamin _____.
			A)	A
			B)	B complex
			C)	C
			D)	K

Learning Outcome 18.10

45			A rich source of vitamin K is _____.
			A)	spinach
			B)	eggs
			C)	wheat
			D)	tomatoes

Learning Outcome 18.10

46			Which of the following is NOT a B complex vitamin?
			A)	niacin
			B)	riboflavin
			C)	cyanocobalamin
			D)	phylloquinone

Learning Outcome 18.10

47			Which of the following is most the important vitamin for carbohydrate metabolism?
			A)	vitamin C
			B)	vitamin A
			C)	B-complex vitamins
			D)	ascorbic acid

Learning Outcome 18.10

48			Cocarboxylase is an enzyme that utilizes the vitamin _____ as part of its structure.
			A)	thiamin
			B)	niacin
			C)	riboflavin
			D)	folic acid

Learning Outcome 18.10

49			Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to develop a _____ deficiency.
			A)	vitamin D
			B)	vitamin E
			C)	thiamin
			D)	riboflavin

Learning Outcome 18.10

50			Vitamin C is necessary for the synthesis of _____.
			A)	collagen
			B)	keratin
			C)	erythrocytes
			D)	visual pigments

Learning Outcome 18.10

51			Vitamin C is closely related to _____ in structure.
			A)	glucose
			B)	protein
			C)	vitamin D
			D)	biotin

Learning Outcome 18.12

52			The most abundant minerals in the body are calcium and _____.
			A)	magnesium
			B)	sodium
			C)	phosphate
			D)	chloride

Learning Outcome 18.12

53			Phosphate is important for which of the following?
			A)	bone matrix
			B)	ATP and energy reactions
			C)	DNA and RNA
			D)	all of these

Learning Outcome 18.12

54			Methionine and cysteine are unique amino acids because they contain the element _____.
			A)	nitrogen
			B)	carbon
			C)	sulfur
			D)	oxygen

Learning Outcome 18.12

55			The most abundant extracellular cation, conserved by aldosterone is _____.
			A)	potassium
			B)	sodium
			C)	chloride
			D)	calcium

Learning Outcome 18.12

56			Which ion is most important in oxygen transport?
			A)	iron
			B)	Mg2+
			C)	Cl-
			D)	iodine

Learning Outcome 18.12

57			The trace mineral _____ is essential for hemoglobin and neurological functions.
			A)	Mn2+
			B)	Cu2+
			C)	Fe2+
			D)	Na+

Learning Outcome 18.13

58			Nutrients that the body needs but cannot synthesize on its own are called __________________.
			A)	essential nutrients
			B)	RDAs
			C)	macronutrients
			D)	micronutrients

Learning Outcome 18.6

59			Which of these carbohydrates is NOT a good source of energy for humans?
			A)	beet sugar
			B)	molasses
			C)	cellulose
			D)	fruits

Learning Outcome 18.7

60			The basal metabolic rate (BMR) measures the rate of energy expenditure when _________________.
			A)	a dieter is fasting
			B)	the person is asleep
			C)	the person is doing light office work
			D)	the body is awake but resting

Learning Outcome 18.10

61			Which vitamin is fat-soluble and has carotene as its precursor?
			A)	vitamin A
			B)	vitamin B6
			C)	vitamin D
			D)	vitamin C

Learning Outcome 18.10

62			Intrinsic factor is necessary for the absorption of which vitamin?
			A)	vitamin B12
			B)	vitamin C
			C)	vitamin E
			D)	folic acid

Learning Outcome 18.10

63			Neural tube defects are easily prevented by the adequate intake of _____________ by the pregnant mother.
			A)	biotin
			B)	folacin
			C)	pantothenic acid
			D)	ascorbic acid (vitamin C)

Learning Outcome 18.12

64			Which major mineral makes a major contribution to the solute concentration of extracellular fluids?
			A)	calcium
			B)	phosphorus
			C)	sodium
			D)	potassium

Learning Outcome 18.12

65			The trace element _____________ is necessary for wound healing, and a deficiency of it results in depressed immunity.
			A)	iron
			B)	copper
			C)	cobalt
			D)	zinc

Learning Outcome 18.4

66			Which term would be used to describe the synthesis of a cellular protein?
			A)	metabolism
			B)	catabolism
			C)	anabolism
			D)	hydrolysis

Learning Outcome 18.3

67			Which of these is a disaccharide?
			A)	lactose
			B)	glucose
			C)	fructose
			D)	galactose

Learning Outcome 18.4

68			The carbohydrate _____is critical for the function of genes.
			A)	deoxyribose
			B)	ribose
			C)	pectin
			D)	hemicellulose

Learning Outcome 18.4

69			Which carbohydrate can be found in a steak?
			A)	triglyceride
			B)	glycogen
			C)	glucose
			D)	amino acid

Learning Outcome 18.3

70			An essential compound NOT readily synthesized in the liver is _____.
			A)	lipoprotein
			B)	linoleic acid
			C)	fatty acid
			D)	cholesterol

Learning Outcome 18.13

71			A diet that contains _____will have sufficient amino acids.
			A)	rice and potatoes
			B)	rice and beans
			C)	corn and potatoes
			D)	rice and corn

Learning Outcome 18.6

72			How many calories are produced from 10g carbohydrate, 5g fat, and 2g protein?
			A)	55
			B)	1,098
			C)	100
			D)	80

Learning Outcome 18.7

73			Of the following, which factors influence basal metabolic rate to the greatest extent?
			A)	thyroid hormone
			B)	a high fat diet
			C)	more than 3,000 calorie diet
			D)	cigarette smoking

Learning Outcome 18.10

74			Which of these is the hormonally active form of vitamin D?
			A)	ergocalciferol
			B)	dihydroxycholecalciferol
			C)	cholecalciferol
			D)	vitamin D2

Learning Outcome 18.10

75			Hemorrhaging could occur because of lack of sufficient vitamin ____.
			A)	A
			B)	D
			C)	E
			D)	K

Learning Outcome 18.10

76			The most essential vitamin required to allow carbon to enter the citric acid cycle is ____.
			A)	riboflavin
			B)	folic acid
			C)	pantothenic acid
			D)	pyridoxine

Learning Outcome 18.13

77			A deficiency of carbohydrate in the diet can cause muscle tissue to degenerate.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.7

78			Infants have a higher probability of developing lipid deficiencies than adults.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.4

79			Complete proteins are those that contain all of the amino acids required for an adult in the diet.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.15

80			A child usually develops a positive nitrogen balance in comparison to an adult.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.4

81			Kwashiorkor is characterized by edema and retardation.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.7

82			The average adult requires around 1,000 calories per hour per Kg body weight each day in the diet.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.6

83			A bomb calorimeter is used to determine how many calories a person will obtain from their foods.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.7

84			The basal metabolic rate is the average energy consumed by a person each day.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.7

85			Shivering during the cold is a result of the lower metabolic rate of the body in response to lower temperature.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.8

86			A gain in weight will occur when a person has a positive energy balance.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.9

87			Studies have shown that persons who were over their desired weights by as much as 10 pounds actually live longer.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.9

88			All persons who weigh 30% in excess of their body weight are considered obese.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.9

89			A person could lose weight during exercise and still be considered obese even if their weight was normal.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.13

90			A person with a deficient fat intake may develop vitamin E deficiency also.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.10

91			Degenerative skin changes could be the result of either hypervitaminosis A or deficiency.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.10

92			Infants may develop a fatal hemorrhagic disease because of their deficiency of intestinal bacteria.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.10

93			Deficiencies of folacin lead to megaloblastic anemia.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.10

94			Biotin is most significant in promoting carbohydrate metabolic pathways.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.10

95			Scurvy develops from vitamin C deficiency.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.12

96			Potassium is critically important for nerve and muscle conductivity and must be maintained at high blood levels.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.2

97			Anorexia is a term that means loss of appetite.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.3

98			Beef and codfish are a source of complex carbohydrates.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.13

99			Excess protein in the diet can cause obesity.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.13

100			Excess proteins in the diet usually cause a state of nutritional edema.
			A)	True
			B)	False

Learning Outcome 18.3

101			Vegetables are a good source of the vitamin A required for vision.
			A)	True
			B)	False