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1 | | The shelf break occurs at which depth? |
| | A) | The lowest tide mark |
| | B) | About 40 m |
| | C) | 150 m |
| | D) | 1000 m |
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2 | | Waters over the continental shelves are relatively unproductive because nutrients sink to the shelf bottom and become unavailable to most producers. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | | There usually are more species in subtidal than in intertidal soft bottoms largely because subtidal conditions are less variable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | | In Antarctica, there are no intertidal communities because of |
| | A) | Very cold water. |
| | B) | Scouring by ice. |
| | C) | Low nutrients. |
| | D) | Low primary productivity. |
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5 | | Like most cold-water areas, the continental shelf off Antarctica is dominated by kelps. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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6 | | Patchy distributions of subtidal animals can develop if the larvae sense adults and prefer to settle near them. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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7 | | Which feature would you NOT expect to see on the continental shelf off the mouth of the Mississippi River? |
| | A) | Lithogenous sediment |
| | B) | Abundant nutrients in the water |
| | C) | Constant water temperature year-round |
| | D) | Water with a greenish tint |
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8 | | Animals of soft-bottom subtidal communities must cope with |
| | A) | Desiccation. |
| | B) | Drastic changes in temperature. |
| | C) | Turbulence. |
| | D) | Salinity changes. |
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9 | | As a general rule, members of the meiofauna do not |
| | A) | Have long and slender bodies. |
| | B) | Eat detritus. |
| | C) | Live between sand grains. |
| | D) | Build tubes made from particles of sediment. |
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10 | | The "sweet potato", Molpadia, is a sea cucumber. It is a deposit feeder that creates mounds of disturbed sediment. The sweet potato is considered to be an example of a |
| | A) | filter-feeder. |
| | B) | Bioturbator. |
| | C) | Primary producer. |
| | D) | Scavenger. |
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11 | | A fish that feeds on infauna is the |
| | A) | Flounder. |
| | B) | Reef shark. |
| | C) | Ray. |
| | D) | Sea horse. |
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12 | | An animal that eats seagrass leaves is the |
| | A) | Manatee. |
| | B) | Queen conch. |
| | C) | Starfish. |
| | D) | tube-dwelling polychaete. |
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13 | | Near a seagrass bed, one could expect to find all of these conditions but which one? |
| | A) | Reduced turbulence |
| | B) | Fine sediment being deposited |
| | C) | Lots of detritus |
| | D) | Many rocks |
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14 | | On a rocky subtidal bottom, competition is largely for |
| | A) | Oxygen. |
| | B) | Food. |
| | C) | Space. |
| | D) | Nutrients. |
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15 | | Giant kelps grow over a depth range limited by wave action at the upper end and by light at the lower end. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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16 | | Seaweeds tend to dominate on steeply sloping bottoms and vertical walls, where they out-compete sessile animals for space. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | Most of the productivity of the giant kelps enters the food chain as fragments (detritus) rather than as whole plants directly eaten by herbivores. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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18 | | Subtidal seagrass beds are among the most productive communities in the oceans because |
| | A) | Seagrasses, unlike algae, have roots capable of absorbing nutrients from the sediments. |
| | B) | All parts of a seagrass, including the roots, are photosynthetic. |
| | C) | Seagrasses have no herbivores to eat them. |
| | D) | Seagrasses can live in nutrient-poor water. |
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19 | | If you wanted to grow kelp on rocks in the Caribbean Sea, could you do so? |
| | A) | Yes, because the water is clear. |
| | B) | Yes, because there are plenty of rocks on which it can grow. |
| | C) | No, because the water is too warm. |
| | D) | No, because the water is too shallow. |
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20 | | Kelps of the understory generally |
| | A) | Form a canopy. |
| | B) | Adapt to reduced light levels. |
| | C) | Have large pneumatocysts. |
| | D) | Are encrusting forms. |
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21 | | All of the following explanations but which one have been suggested for the decline of kelp beds in Southern California? |
| | A) | Heavy fishing on lobsters and crabs |
| | B) | Decrease in the amount of drift algae |
| | C) | Overfishing on cod |
| | D) | Unusually warm currents and severe storms |
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22 | | Even though they do not eat kelp, fishes often are seen to nibble at the blades. What might they be eating? |
| | A) | Hermit crabs |
| | B) | Bryozoans |
| | C) | Epiphytic algae |
| | D) | Meiofauna |
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23 | | Sea urchin barrens may be the result of all of these reasons but which one? |
| | A) | Higher survival of sea urchin larvae |
| | B) | Absence of sea otters |
| | C) | Sewage pollution |
| | D) | A "La Ni–a" event |
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24 | | There may be a link between overfishing of sea urchins in the Gulf of Maine and |
| | A) | An increase in the number of lobsters. |
| | B) | An increase in the number of cod. |
| | C) | Die-offs of sea otters. |
| | D) | Growth of giant kelp. |
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25 | | A commercially valuable species that may inhabit seagrass beds is the |
| | A) | Atlantic bay scallop. |
| | B) | Topsmelt. |
| | C) | Halibut. |
| | D) | Sand dollar. |
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