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1 | | Which vertebrate feature is not found in ascidians and cephalochordates? |
| | A) | Skull |
| | B) | Gill or pharyngeal slits |
| | C) | Dorsal nerve cord |
| | D) | Tail |
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2 | | Both lampreys and hagfishes lack jaws and feed by suction with a muscular mouth and teeth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | | Unlike cartilaginous or bony fishes, jawless fishes do not have |
| | A) | A mouth. |
| | B) | Fins. |
| | C) | Scales. |
| | D) | Teeth. |
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4 | | Most cartilaginous fishes have smooth skin. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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5 | | The largest sharks and rays feed on which of these? |
| | A) | Fish |
| | B) | Seals |
| | C) | Mollusks |
| | D) | Plankton |
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6 | | Which is not recommended as a way to decrease one's risk of shark attack? |
| | A) | Stay away from sea lion colonies. |
| | B) | Don't go swimming at night. |
| | C) | If you see a shark, splash at it vigorously. |
| | D) | Don't touch a shark or grab its tail. |
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7 | | Sharks often have a large upper lobe on their tails primarily to act as a rudder for steering. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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8 | | Electric rays |
| | A) | Crush their prey. |
| | B) | Catch plankton. |
| | C) | Use their electric organs in defense against predators. |
| | D) | Shock the fish they eat. |
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9 | | Skates |
| | A) | Have elaborate courtship displays. |
| | B) | Give birth to live young. |
| | C) | Have stinging spines. |
| | D) | Lay egg cases. |
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10 | | The body of a bony fish often is covered by which of these? |
| | A) | Placoid scales |
| | B) | Spines |
| | C) | Ctenoid scales |
| | D) | Fin rays |
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11 | | Flatfishes have bodies compressed top-to-bottom as an adaptation for their demersal lifestyles. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | | A much greater diversity of fin shapes and uses has evolved in the bony fishes than in the cartilaginous fishes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | | The lateral line of bony fishes is used to detect weak electrical fields of prey. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | | Bony, but not cartilaginous, fishes have which of these features? |
| | A) | Rows of teeth that serve as reserves to replace lost teeth |
| | B) | A swimbladder |
| | C) | Gill openings |
| | D) | Dorsal and lateral fins |
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15 | | Cartilaginous fishes, unlike bony fishes, can carry on osmosis by which means? |
| | A) | Accumulation of high amounts of urea to equalize total solutes to that of seawater |
| | B) | Swallowing seawater |
| | C) | Excreting salts by means of chloride cells |
| | D) | Retaining salts in their gills |
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16 | | Structural colors in fishes result from crystals that act like tiny mirrors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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17 | | A lionfish has venomous spines. What kind of coloration might it have? |
| | A) | Cryptic--blending in with rocks and coral |
| | B) | Warning--bold stripes on its body and fins |
| | C) | All red |
| | D) | Countershaded--dark above, light below |
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18 | | Eel-shaped fishes often live |
| | A) | On sandy sea floors. |
| | B) | In narrow spaces among rocks. |
| | C) | Among sponges. |
| | D) | near the surface of the open sea. |
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19 | | Territoriality behavior in fishes usually involves violent battles between defenders and invaders. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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20 | | Schooling in fishes may be coordinated by vision, the lateral line, olfaction, and sound. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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21 | | Schooling in fishes has been hypothesized to serve in which function? |
| | A) | Provides hydrodynamic efficiency for swimming |
| | B) | Allows colonies to form with specialized individuals, as in social insects |
| | C) | Assists in regulating body heat |
| | D) | Creates shadows that look like giant fish |
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22 | | North Pacific salmon use primarily chemical cues when they migrate around the oceans as adults. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | | The migratory behavior of the Atlantic Anguilla eels is essentially the opposite of that of the Pacific salmon. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | | It can be difficult to identify larval fishes to species because |
| | A) | They drift far from land. |
| | B) | Most larvae remain in an egg case. |
| | C) | Development takes a long time. |
| | D) | The larvae may not resemble their parents at all. |
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25 | | Among fishes, eggs are retained in a nest by |
| | A) | Sting rays. |
| | B) | Sea horses. |
| | C) | Damselfishes. |
| | D) | Herring. |
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26 | | Viviparity (live birth) such as found in mammals cannot occur in fishes because they always produce yolky eggs to support embryonic growth. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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27 | | Special organs called claspers are used for internal fertilization in cartilaginous fishes. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | | Dams, excess silt, and pollution are destroying Pacific salmon runs in rivers because they reduce the number of adults that return to the oceans after spawning. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | | Hermaphrodism in some fishes involves males changing into females or vice versa. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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