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Hole's Human Anatomy & Physiology, 9/e

David Shier, Washtenaw Community College
Ricki Lewis, The University at Albany
Jackie Butler, Grayson County Community College

Urinary System

Multiple Choice Quiz

Please answer all questions


1	The outermost covering of the kidney is the _____.
		A)	cortex
		B)	medulla
		C)	pelvis
		D)	capsule


2	The kidneys are located in the _____ space.
		A)	pelvic cavity
		B)	peritoneal cavity
		C)	abdominal
		D)	retroperitoneal


3	The entrance into the kidney is called the _____.
		A)	sinus
		B)	renal column
		C)	hilum
		D)	pyramid


4	Which structure is the first to collect the urine?
		A)	pelvis
		B)	calyx
		C)	ureter
		D)	urethra


5	Each minor calyx receives urine from the _____.
		A)	renal papillae
		B)	pelvis
		C)	ureter
		D)	columns


6	The renal pyramids are located within the _____.
		A)	column
		B)	cortex
		C)	medulla
		D)	pelvis


7	The striated appearance of the pyramids is caused by _____.
		A)	parallel blood vessels
		B)	microtubules
		C)	connective tissue
		D)	nerve fibers


8	What is the basic functional unit of the kidney?
		A)	alveolus
		B)	renal pyramid
		C)	renal pelvis
		D)	nephron


9	The kidney secretes _____ for the purpose of stimulating bone marrow activity.
		A)	renin
		B)	aldosterone
		C)	erythropoietin
		D)	somatomedin


10	The kidney secretes _____ which is an enzyme-hormone which raises blood pressure.
		A)	aldosterone
		B)	renin
		C)	angiotensinogen
		D)	angiotensin II


11	What is the function of the renal system?
		A)	maintain blood pH
		B)	regulate blood pressure
		C)	control blood concentration
		D)	all of these


12	How much of the cardiac output passes through the kidneys?
		A)	10%
		B)	25%
		C)	50%
		D)	65%


13	Which blood vessel delivers blood to the cortex?
		A)	interlobular artery
		B)	arcuate artery
		C)	interlobar artery
		D)	efferent arteriole


14	The renal corpuscle is comprised of a glomerulus and _____.
		A)	proximal convoluted tubule
		B)	Bowman's capsule
		C)	loop of Henle
		D)	distal convoluted tubule


15	Which section of the nephron follows the ascending limb of the loop of Henle?
		A)	descending limb of the loop
		B)	proximal convoluted tubule
		C)	distal convoluted tubule
		D)	collecting duct


16	The last part of a nephron is the _____.
		A)	collecting duct
		B)	renal papilla
		C)	distal convoluted tubule
		D)	glomerulus


17	Which area actually secretes renin into the blood?
		A)	macula densa
		B)	juxtaglomerular apparatus
		C)	juxtaglomerular cells
		D)	cortical nephron


18	Which blood vessel conveys blood out of the nephron?
		A)	efferent arteriole
		B)	vasa recta
		C)	peritubular capillary
		D)	interlobular vein


19	Which blood vessels surround the loops of Henle?
		A)	vasa recta
		B)	peritubular capillaries
		C)	interlobular arteries
		D)	efferent arterioles


20	Which process is most affected by blood pressure?
		A)	tubular secretion
		B)	tubular reabsorption
		C)	glomerular filtration
		D)	loop of Henle diffusion


21	Which of the following are not found in the glomerular filtrate?
		A)	glucose
		B)	protein
		C)	uric acid
		D)	creatinine


22	Which muscle metabolism waste product is eliminated by the kidneys?
		A)	urea
		B)	uric acid
		C)	creatine
		D)	creatinine


23	Which of these has the highest concentration in the urine?
		A)	glucose
		B)	sodium
		C)	uric acid
		D)	phosphate


24	Which ion is reabsorbed in exchange for sodium?
		A)	chloride
		B)	potassium
		C)	calcium
		D)	magnesium


25	What is the average glomerular filtration rate?
		A)	10L per day
		B)	180L per day
		C)	1,500 ml per day
		D)	1 ml per minute


26	Which of the following is usually not found in the urine?
		A)	magnesium
		B)	urea
		C)	uric acid
		D)	glucose


27	How much urine is formed in 24 hours?
		A)	12 liters
		B)	100 ml
		C)	1.5L
		D)	3,000cc


28	Renin acts on _____ to convert it to angiotensin I.
		A)	angiotensin II
		B)	angiotensinogen
		C)	ACE
		D)	aldosterone


29	The targets of angiotensin II are blood vessels and _____.
		A)	nerves
		B)	adrenal cortex
		C)	adrenal medulla
		D)	kidney nephron


30	Tubular reabsorption occurs from the nephron tubules into the _____.
		A)	loop of Henle
		B)	peritubular capillaries
		C)	renal corpuscle
		D)	renal pyramid


31	Most tubular reabsorption occurs at the _____.
		A)	loop of Henle
		B)	distal convoluted tubule
		C)	proximal convoluted tubule
		D)	glomerulus


32	Where are most microvilli found?
		A)	loop of Henle
		B)	distal convoluted tubule
		C)	loop of Henle
		D)	proximal convoluted tubule


33	Which of the following occurred by active transport?
		A)	albumin in the urine
		B)	creatine in the urine
		C)	reabsorption of water at the proximal tubule
		D)	reabsorption of amino acids


34	Which of these does not operate under a renal threshold mechanism?
		A)	creatine
		B)	ascorbic acid
		C)	sodium
		D)	citric acid


35	The action of aldosterone is to increase _____.
		A)	sodium elimination
		B)	sodium reabsorption
		C)	potassium reabsorption
		D)	chloride excretion


36	How much sodium is actively reabsorbed by the proximal segment of the nephron?
		A)	10%
		B)	1%
		C)	70%
		D)	99%


37	The countercurrent multiplier mechanism occurs at the _____.
		A)	proximal convoluted tubule
		B)	loop of Henle
		C)	distal convoluted tubule
		D)	collecting ducts


38	The fluid in the descending limb of the loop of Henle is _____ relative to the capillaries.
		A)	isotonic
		B)	weakly hypotonic
		C)	strongly hypotonic
		D)	hypertonic


39	The function of the countercurrent multiplier is to _____.
		A)	increase the concentration of NaCl
		B)	decrease the concentration of NaCl
		C)	change the blood levels of K+
		D)	conserve K+


40	What affect does ADH have on urine output?
		A)	minimal
		B)	increases
		C)	decreases
		D)	maintains


41	Where does ADH have its greatest effect?
		A)	loop of Henle
		B)	proximal convoluted tubule
		C)	distal convoluted tubule
		D)	glomerulus


42	Eating large amounts of meat will increase the levels of _____ in the blood.
		A)	protein
		B)	creatinine
		C)	urea
		D)	uric acid


43	Uric acid results from _____ metabolism.
		A)	protein
		B)	carbohydrate
		C)	purine
		D)	pyrimidine


44	Renal secretion of a compound usually occurs from the _____ into the distal convoluted tubule.
		A)	loop of Henle
		B)	glomerulus
		C)	vasa recta
		D)	peritubular capillaries


45	Which of these is not usually secreted by the kidneys?
		A)	creatine
		B)	creatinine
		C)	H+
		D)	penicillin


46	The compound used to assess the function of the kidney at the level of the glomerulus is _____.
		A)	creatinine
		B)	inulin
		C)	para-aminohippuric acid
		D)	creatine


47	Which of these could appear in the urine from dieting or the utilization of excess lipids?
		A)	urea
		B)	uric acid
		C)	glycine
		D)	ketone


48	Vigorous exercise could release high amounts of _____ into the urine.
		A)	glucose
		B)	uric acid
		C)	albumin
		D)	ascorbic acid


49	What causes urine to flow from the kidneys to the bladder?
		A)	gravity
		B)	hydrostatic pressure
		C)	peristalsis
		D)	osmotic pressure


50	Renal calculi are usually comprised of the following except which one?
		A)	calcium oxalate
		B)	cholesterol
		C)	uric acid
		D)	magnesium phosphate


51	The mucosa of the bladder is comprised of _____.
		A)	smooth muscle
		B)	squamous epithelium
		C)	transitional epithelium
		D)	simple columnar epithelium


52	Which of these is under voluntary control?
		A)	urethra
		B)	detrusor muscle
		C)	internal sphincter
		D)	external sphincter


53	The micturition reflex is centered in the _____.
		A)	medulla
		B)	sacral cord
		C)	hypothalamus
		D)	lumbar cord

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