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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
The Lymphatic System and Immunity

Study Outline

  1. Functions of the Lymphatic System Clinical Focus: Disorders of the Lymphatic System
    1. Fluid balance p. 378
    2. Fat absorption
    3. Defense
  2. Lymphatic System
    1. Lymphatic Vessels(Fig. 14.1, p. 375)
      1. Lymphatic capillaries and lymph formation(Fig. 14.2, p. 375)
      2. Right lymphatic duct(Fig. 14.3, p. 376)
      3. Thoracic duct
    2. Lymphatic organs
      1. Tonsils(Fig. 14.4, p. 376)
        1. Palatine tonsils
        2. Pharyngeal tonsils
        3. Lingual tonsils
      2. Lymph nodes(Fig. 14.5, p. 377)
      3. Spleen(Fig. 14.6, p. 377)
      4. Thymus(Fig. 14.1, p. 375)
  3. Immunity
    1. Innate immunity
    2. Adaptive immunity
      1. Specificity
      2. Memory
  4. Innate Immunity
    1. Mechanical mechanisms
      1. Skin and mucous membranes
      2. Tears, saliva, and urine
    2. Chemical mediators
      1. Lysozyme
      2. Histamine, prostaglandins, leukotrienes
    3. Complement
    4. Interferons
    5. Cells
      1. Phagocytic cells
        1. Neutrophils
        2. Macrophages
      2. Cells of inflammation
        1. Basophils
        2. Mast cells
        3. Eosinophils
      3. Natural killer cells
    6. Inflammatory response(Fig. 14.7, p. 380)
      1. Effects
        1. Vasodilation
        2. Attraction of phagocytes
        3. Increased vascular permeability
        4. Fibrinogen and complement involvement
      2. Local inflammation
      3. Systemic inflammation
  5. Adaptive Immunity(Table 14.1, p. 382)
    1. Cell recognition-antigens
      1. Foreign antigens
      2. Self antigens
      3. Autoimmune disease
    2. Origin and development of lymphocytes(Fig. 14.8, p. 382-83)
      1. T cells
      2. B cells
    3. Activation and multiplication of lymphocytes
      1. Antigen recognition
        1. Processing of antigen
        2. Presenting antigen and co-stimulation with MHC
        3. Lymphocyte proliferation - helper T-cells(Fig. 14.9, p. 384)
    4. Antibody-mediated immunity (B cells)(Fig. 14.10, p. 385)
      1. Antibodies(Table 14.2, p. 386)
        1. Structure(Fig. 14.11, p. 386)
        2. Effects(Fig. 14.12, p. 387)
        3. Production(Fig. 14.13, p. 388)
      2. Primary response
      3. Secondary response
        1. Plasma cells
        2. B memory cells
    5. Cell-mediated immunity (T cells)(Fig. 14.14, p. 389)
      1. Cytotoxic T cells
        1. Cytokines (lymphokines)
        2. Cell lysis
      2. T memory cells
  6. Immune interactions(Fig. 14.15, p. 390)
    Clinical Focus: Immune system Problems of Clinical Significancep. 392-93
  7. Immunotherapy
    1. Vaccinations
    2. Monoclonal antibodies
  8. Acquired Immunity(Fig. 14.16, p. 391)
    1. Active natural immunity
    2. Active artificial immunity-vaccination
    3. Passive natural immunity
    4. Passive artificial immunity-antiserum
  9. Systems Pathology - systemic lupus erythematosusSystems Interaction Table p. 395








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