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Essentials of Anatomy & Physiology, 4/e
Rod R. Seeley, Idaho State University
Philip Tate, Phoenix College
Trent D. Stephens, Idaho State University
The Reproductive System

Study Outline

  1. Functions of the Reproductive System(Fig. 19.1, p. 520)
    1. Male
      1. Production of sperm cells
      2. Sustaining and transferring sperm cells to the female
      3. Production of male sex hormones(Table 19.1, p.529)
    2. FemaleClinical Focus: Control of Pregnancy p. 543-45
      1. Production of female sex cells
      2. Reception of sperm cells from the male
      3. Nurturing and nutrition of the new individual
      4. Production of female sex hormones(Table 19.1, p. 529)
  2. Formation of Sex Cells (Gametes)(Fig. 19.2, p. 521)
    1. Meiosis -halves genetic material Clinical Focus: Meiosis p. 522-23
      1. Males results in 4 sperm cells
      2. Females results in 1 secondary oöcyte
    2. Fertilization restores full chromosome number
  3. Male Reproductive System(Fig. 19.3, p. 523)
    1. Scrotum
    2. Testes(Fig. 19.4, p. 524)
      1. Seminiferous tubules
      2. Interstitial cells
      3. Efferent ductules
      4. Sertoli cells
    3. Spermatogenesis
      1. Spermatogonia
      2. Primary spermatocytes
      3. Secondary spermatocytes
      4. Spermatids and sperm cells
    4. Ducts(Fig. 19.5, p. 526)
      1. Epididymis
      2. Ductus deferens -vas deferens
      3. Seminal vesicle and ejaculatory duct
      4. Urethra
    5. Penis(Fig. 19.5, p. 526)
      1. Corpora cavernosa
      2. Corpus spongiosum
      3. Glans penis and external urethral orifice
      4. Prepuce (foreskin)
    6. Glands
      1. Seminal vesicles
      2. Prostate gland
      3. Bulbourethral glands
    7. Secretions
      1. Semen is final result
      2. Testicular secretions
      3. Seminal vesicle secretions
      4. Prostatic secretions
  4. Physiology of Male Reproduction
    1. Regulation of sex hormone secretion(Fig. 19.6, p. 528)
      1. GnRH(Table 19.1, p. 529)
      2. FSH
      3. LH - ICSH
      4. Testosterone
      5. Inhibition
    2. Puberty
    3. Effects of testosterone(Table 19.2, p. 530)
    4. Male sexual behavior and the male sexual act
      1. Afferent impulses and integration
      2. Erection, emission and ejaculation
      3. Male infertility
  5. Female Reproductive System(Fig. 19.7, 19.8, p. 532-33)
    1. Ovaries(Fig. 19.9, p. 531)
    2. Follicle and oöcyte development(Fig. 19.10, p. 535)
      1. Follicle development Primordial follicles
        1. Primary follicles
        2. Secondary follicles
        3. Mature (Graafian) follicles
      2. Ovary development
        1. Primary oöcyte in prophase I
        2. Secondary oöcyte in prophase II
    3. Ovulation
      1. Release of secondary oöcyte
      2. Corpus luteum remains
        1. Progesterone
        2. Estrogen
    4. Uterine tubes (fallopian tubes)
    5. Uterus
      1. Fundus
      2. Body
      3. Cervix
      4. Wall composition
        1. Perimetrium (serous layer)
        2. Myometrium
        3. Endometrium
    6. Vagina and hymen
    7. External genitalia(Fig. 19.11, p. 537)
      1. Vulva (pudendum) and vestibule
        1. Labia minora
        2. Clitoris
        3. Prepuce
        4. Vestibular glands
      2. Labia majora
      3. Mons pubis
      4. Clinical perineum and episiotomy
    8. Mammary glands(Fig. 19.12, p. 537)
      1. Development
        1. Puberty
        2. Sex hormone dependent
      2. Lactation
        1. Modified sweat glands
        2. Milk produced by alveoli
  6. Physiology of Female Reproduction
    1. Puberty
      1. Menarche
      2. Hormonal changes precede physical changes
    2. Menstrual cycle(Fig. 19.13, p. 539)
      1. Menses(Table 19.3, p. 540)
      2. Proliferative phase
      3. Secretory phase
      4. Premenstrual syndrome
    3. Menopause(Table 19.4, p. 541)
      1. Female climacteric
      2. Estrogen replacement therapy
    4. Female sexual behavior and female sexual act
      1. Excitement, secretion, orgasm, resolution
      2. Female infertility
      3. Endometriosis
  7. Systems Pathology -Benign Uterine Tumors Systems Interaction Table p. 546








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