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Zoology, 5/e

Stephen A. Miller, College of the Ozarks
John B. Harley, Eastern Kentucky University

Amphibians: The First Terrestrial Vertebrates

On-line Quizzing


1	All of the following are members of the amniote lineage except one. Select the exception.
		A)	amphibians
		B)	reptiles
		C)	birds
		D)	mammals


2	Salamanders are members of the order
		A)	Caudata.
		B)	Anura.
		C)	Gymnophiona.
		D)	Temnospondyli.


3	Caecilians are members of the order:
		A)	Caudata
		B)	Anura
		C)	Gymnophiona
		D)	Temnospondyli


4	Members of the order __________ are wormlike burrowers.
		A)	Caudata
		B)	Anura
		C)	Gymnophiona
		D)	Temnospondyli


5	Members of the order __________ have caudal vertebrae fused into a urostyle.
		A)	Caudata
		B)	Anura
		C)	Gymnophiona
		D)	Temnospondyli


6	The major component of the diet of most amphibians is
		A)	plant matter.
		B)	other vertebrates.
		C)	decaying animal flesh.
		D)	arthropods.


7	Members of which of the following groups are most closely related to the salamanders?
		A)	amniotes
		B)	Anura
		C)	Temnospondyli
		D)	Gymnophiona


8	Which of the following regions of the skeleton of an amphibian is the point of attachment of the hind limbs to the vertebral column?
		A)	cervical
		B)	thoracic
		C)	sacral
		D)	caudal


9	______ are processes on trunk vertebrae of amphibians. They provide support when an amphibian is out of the water and prevent twisting of the vertebral column.
		A)	Urostyles
		B)	Zygapophyses
		C)	Neural spines
		D)	Transverse processes


10	All of the following are true of the heart of amphibians except one. Select the exception.
		A)	It consists of a sinus venosus, two atria, a ventricle, and a conus arteriosus
		B)	The atria are completely separated from each other
		C)	Blood entering the right side of the heart is often as well oxygenated as blood leaving the heart
		D)	There is complete separation of oxygenated and less oxygenated blood throughout the heart


11	The ___________ direct(s) blood away from the pulmonary circulation when a frog is burrowed into the mud at the bottom of a pond.
		A)	spiral valve
		B)	blood vessels leading to the heart
		C)	sinus venosus
		D)	atrioventricular valve


12	A portion of the gas exchange in amphibians occurs across the moist surfaces of the mouth and pharynx. This process is called
		A)	buccopharyngeal respiration.
		B)	buccal pumping.
		C)	cutaneous respiration.
		D)	mouth-to-blood exchange.


13	Unlike fishes, the amphibian ear includes a/an
		A)	inner ear.
		B)	outer ear.
		C)	middle ear and tympanic membrane.
		D)	group of three middle ear ossicles.


14	Low-frequency warning sounds are transmitted to the inner ear of amphibians through the operculum and the
		A)	stapes.
		B)	inalleus.
		C)	cecum.
		D)	incus.


15	All but one of the following are used by some adult amphibians when they are on land to conserve water or replace lost water. Select the exception:
		A)	nocturnal activity patterns
		B)	absorption of water through the skin
		C)	formation of parchment-like cocoons
		D)	intentional drinking


16	It is likely that the “amphibians” actually represent paraphyletic groups.
		A)	True
		B)	False


17	Members of the order Anura possess a tongue that is attached at the anterior margin of the jaw and have glands on the tongue that exude sticky secretions. Their tongue is used in a flip-and-grab feeding mechanism.
		A)	True
		B)	False


18	Most salamanders have internal fertilization. A male deposits a spermatophore, which is picked up and stored by a female. Eggs are fertilized as the female deposits them.
		A)	True
		B)	False


19	In adult amphibians, embryonic aortic arch VI becomes pulmonary arteries.
		A)	True
		B)	False


20	Vision is a very important sense for most amphibians because they are primarily sight feeders.
		A)	True
		B)	False


21	The upper eyelid of an amphibian forms a transparent membrane that cleans and protects the eye. This membrane is called the nictitating membrane.
		A)	True
		B)	False


22	Amphibians were the first vertebrates to possess a cervical vertebra. This vertebra increases the flexibility of the vertebral column during locomotion on land.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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