|
1 | | The study of animal development from the fertilized egg to the formation of all major organ systems is
called: |
| | A) | comparative anatomy |
| | B) | embryology |
| | C) | entomology |
| | D) | molecular biology |
|
|
2 | | Lysins are released from the ___________ and dissolve the gel coat of an egg during fertilization. |
| | A) | vitelline layer |
| | B) | mitochondria |
| | C) | acrosome |
| | D) | microvilli |
|
|
3 | | All of the following are a part of membrane and cortical events associated with egg activation except one. Select the exception: |
| | A) | Microvilli from the egg plasma membrane wrap around a sperm cell |
| | B) | A fertilization membrane forms |
| | C) | The mitotic spindle forms |
| | D) | The cortical layer thickens, and rotational and sliding movements of the outer egg cytoplasm begin |
|
|
4 | | Echinoderm embryology is commonly studied because: |
| | A) | they are the organisms most closely related to humans |
| | B) | they are a deuterostome, like humans, and are easily studied |
| | C) | only their embryology can be easily studied in the laboratory |
| | D) | their embryological changes are identical to humans |
|
|
5 | | ______ forms the inner lining of the digestive cavity of an embryo. |
| | A) | Ectoderm |
| | B) | Mesoderm |
| | C) | Endoderm |
| | D) | Blastoderm |
|
|
6 | | _______ forms muscle, blood, skeletal elements and other connective tissues. |
| | A) | Ectoderm |
| | B) | Mesoderm |
| | C) | Endoderm |
| | D) | Blastoderm |
|
|
7 | | A stage of echinoderm embryology consisting of a hollow ball of cells is called the: |
| | A) | morula |
| | B) | blastula |
| | C) | gastrula |
| | D) | archenteron |
|
|
8 | | Invagination of cells in the vegetal half of the echinoderm embryo occurs during a process called: |
| | A) | gastrulation |
| | B) | neurulation |
| | C) | morphogenesis |
| | D) | epiboly |
|
|
9 | | All of the following are structures that characterize chordates except one. Select the exception: |
| | A) | dorsal tubular nervous system |
| | B) | open circulatory system |
| | C) | notochord |
| | D) | pharyngeal slits or pouches |
|
|
10 | | Gastrulation in an amphibian embryo occurs as superficial cells begin to roll over the dorsal lip of the blastopore in process called: |
| | A) | epiboly |
| | B) | morphogenesis |
| | C) | neurulation |
| | D) | involution |
|
|
11 | | All of the following are formed during gastrulation in an amphibian embryo except one. Select the exception: |
| | A) | yolk plug |
| | B) | archenteron |
| | C) | blastopore |
| | D) | blastocoel |
|
|
12 | | In the amphibian embryo, the notochord and mesoderm form from: |
| | A) | ectoderm |
| | B) | endoderm |
| | C) | chordamesoderm |
| | D) | hypoblast |
|
|
13 | | Early cleavages in the zygote of a bird result in the formation of the: |
| | A) | blastoderm |
| | B) | Henson's node |
| | C) | amnion |
| | D) | chorion |
|
|
14 | | An inward migration of epiblast cells of the bird embryo results in the formation of mesoderm. This
migration occurs along a linear invagination called the: |
| | A) | dorsal lip of the blastopore |
| | B) | primitive streak |
| | C) | chordamesoderm |
| | D) | allantois |
|
|
15 | | The extraembryonic membranes of amniotes include all of the following except one. Select the exception: |
| | A) | amnion |
| | B) | somite |
| | C) | chorion |
| | D) | allantois |
|
|
16 | | The fusion of the sperm nucleus and the egg nucleus is the beginning of a series of biochemical changes in the egg that ensures the completion of fertilization and initiates embryonic development. These changes are called egg activation. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
17 | | Most mRNA used during protein synthesis that occurs in early development is deposited in the egg by the mother. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
18 | | Cleavages produce blastomeres, which divide synchronously for a short time. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
19 | | In an echinoderm embryo, the coelom forms as a result of splitting solid blocks of mesoderm. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
20 | | Gastrulation of the amphibian embryo results in a spreading and thinning of ectodermal cells toward the blastopore. This process is called epiboly. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
21 | | The extraembryonic membrane that encloses a bird embryo in a fluid-filled sac is the amnion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
22 | | The extraembryonic membrane that encloses embryonic wastes of a bird is the chorion. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
23 | | After gastrulation of a bird embryo, the embryo lifts off the yolk but remains connected to the yolk through a yolk stalk. Blood vessels develop in the yolk stalk that carries nutrients from the yolk to the embryo. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
24 | | The amnion and the chorion of a bird embryo become highly vascular and function in gas exchange. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
25 | | Frog eggs have a pigmented side, and this dark side oriented upwards has an adaptive value. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|