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Environmental Science: A Global Concern, 7/e

William P. Cunningham, University of Minnesota
Mary Ann Cunningham, Vassar College
Barbara Woodworth Saigo, St. Cloud State University

Land Use: Forest and Rangelands

Practice Quizzing


1	The monarch butterfly story illustrates that
		A)	species restricted to limited habitats are particularly vulnerable to extinction.
		B)	population growth and an increased standard of living put species survival at risk.
		C)	effective species protection requires that human needs be addressed.
		D)	all of the above are true.


2	The largest single world land category is
		A)	forest and woodland.
		B)	desert.
		C)	tundra.
		D)	cropland.


3	The largest single use of wood worldwide is for
		A)	lumber.
		B)	paper.
		C)	sheathing.
		D)	fuel.


4	Drawbacks of monoculture forestry include
		A)	increased exposure of soil to erosion.
		B)	loss of habitat diversity.
		C)	enhanced presence of pests and disease.
		D)	all of the above.


5	Virgin forest values, in addition to providing a source of wood, include
		A)	serving as a refuge for endangered species.
		B)	serving as a unique setting for ecological research.
		C)	serving as a site for recreation and spiritual renewal.
		D)	all of the above.


6	Drawbacks of forest clearcutting include
		A)	elimination of habitat.
		B)	increased soil erosion.
		C)	wasting trees too small for commercial use.
		D)	all of the above.


7	The story of forestry and the Menomonee Nation of northern Wisconsin demonstrates that
		A)	sustainable forestry is economically viable.
		B)	privatization is the best way to protect forest integrity.
		C)	once a forest is removed by clearcutting, it is very difficult to re-establish.
		D)	logging inevitably reduces the total amount of standing wood in a forest.


8	The least disruptive method of harvesting wood is
		A)	cutting every tree in the harvest area.
		B)	selective removal of a limited percentage of mature trees.
		C)	harvesting all trees but in narrow corridors.


9	Monoculture forestry tends to
		A)	produce increased disease and pest infestations.
		B)	disrupt ecological processes.
		C)	reduce biodiversity.
		D)	have all of these results.


10	Swidden agriculture in tropical forests involves
		A)	allowing natural forest vegetation to reclaim fields after several years of farming.
		B)	planting a single food crop species.
		C)	creating huge fields and pasture lands.
		D)	using pesticides extensively to control infestations of tropical insects.


11	Comparison of the economics of salmon harvesting and logging in the Pacific Northwest reveals that
		A)	logging can damage stream beds so as to drastically reduce salmon runs.
		B)	income from a single logging operation exceeds that from a large number of annual salmon harvests.
		C)	annual salmon harvest produces a much greater total return than a once a century timber harvest.
		D)	more than one of the above.


12	Sale of public timber by the U.S. Forest Service produces
		A)	substantial net income for public coffers.
		B)	income that just offsets management costs producing a break even financial outcome.
		C)	large net losses exceeding a billion dollars some years.


13	The condition of over half of U.S. public rangelands is classed as
		A)	excellent.
		B)	good.
		C)	fair.
		D)	poor.


14	Desertification is most associated with
		A)	overgrazing rangelands.
		B)	clearcutting forests.
		C)	Swidden agriculture.
		D)	converting forests to row crop agricultural lands.


15	The rate at which tropical forests are being cleared in the past decade
		A)	has increased compared to previous decades.
		B)	has slowed significantly.
		C)	continues at about the same pace as in previous decades.
		D)	has slowed somewhat due to worldwide political pressure.


16	Nearly _______ percent of worldwide rangelands show signs of soil erosion or damaged vegetation.
		A)	100
		B)	75
		C)	50
		D)	25


17	The phrase land reform refers to the need to
		A)	change farmland back into natural ecosystems in many developing countries.
		B)	change the land ownership patterns of a small number of people owning the vast majority of the land.
		C)	switch farmers in developing countries from animal-drawn equipment to modern machinery.
		D)	consolidate the lands of small owners to enable a more corporate structure for agriculture.


18	Swidden agriculture, cutting trees and farming small acreages for a few years then repeating elsewhere, is principally responsible for the great loss of tropical forests occurring today.
		A)	True
		B)	False


19	Less then 10 percent of the world's forest remains.
		A)	True
		B)	False


20	Farming tropical forests can easily have disastrous ecological results, ultimately rendering the area unsuitable even for farming.
		A)	True
		B)	False


21	Harvesting timber in the Pacific Northwest often destroys salmon habitat.
		A)	True
		B)	False


22	Because of limits on logging in the Pacific Northwest, a large percentage of the area's original old growth forest will be protected for future generations.
		A)	True
		B)	False


23	Forest fires continue to be devastating, unnatural disruptions of normal forest ecosystem processes.
		A)	True
		B)	False


24	Grassland is being lost to other uses faster than is tropical forest.
		A)	True
		B)	False


25	Overgrazing is damaging soil in a significant portion of the world's rangeland.
		A)	True
		B)	False


26	Over 80 percent of publicly owned range lands in the U.S. are considered in fair to very poor condition.
		A)	True
		B)	False


27	A criticism of public lands grazing policy is that fees charged ranchers are substantially below market value.
		A)	True
		B)	False


28	Indigenous cultures contain a huge amount of knowledge of nature that is at risk as native cultures are assimilated or destroyed.
		A)	True
		B)	False

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