Additional Readings

American Council on Science and Health. 1994. "Alar Five Years Later: Science Triumphs over Fear." K. Smith, Special Report. American Council on Science and Health, New York. An industry group claims that Alar was never a threat to the American public.

Ames, B.N., and L.S.Gold. 2000. "Misconceptions about pollution, pesticides and the prevention of cancer." In: The Standard Handbook of Environmental Science, Health and Technology. J. Lehr, ed. New York: McGraw-Hill

Ames, B.N., et al. 1997. "Environmental Pollution, Pesticides, and the Prevention of Cancer: Misconceptions." FASEB J. 11(13): 1041-1052. Argues that natural toxins are a much greater threat to most of us than trace amounts of industrial pollutants.

Buck, G.M., et al. 1997. "Consumption of contaminated sport fish from Lake Ontario and time-to-pregnancy." American Journal of Epidemiology 146(11): 949-954. Connections between dietary toxins and birth defects.

Beuret, C., et al. 2002 "Norwalk-like virus (NVL)-sequences in mineral waters: One year monitering of three brands." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 1925-1931 (2002). Signs of fecal contamination have been found in some bottled water.

Bounias, M. and M. Purdey. 2002. "Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies: a family of etiologically complex diseases-a review." The Science of the Total Environment 297(1-3): 1-19. A comprehensive review article.

Burger, J. 1997."Recreation and Risk: Potential Exposure." Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 52(3): 269-284. An examination of the risks from recreation on public lands.

Burger, J. and M. Gochfeld. 1997. "Risk, Mercury Levels, and Birds: Relating Adverse Laboratory Effects to Field Biomonitoring." Environmental Resources 75(2): 160-172. An overview of mercury contamination in wild birds.

Calver, M. C. 2000. "Lessons from Preventive Medicine for the Precautionary Principle and Ecosystem Health." Ecosystem Health 6(2): 99-107. A comparison of public health and ecosystem health.

Carpenter, R.A., et al. 1990. Environmental Risk Assessment: Dealing with Uncertainty in Environmental Impact Assessment. Manila: Asian Development Bank. A good discussion of uncertainty and risk.

Carrer, P., et al. 2001. "Allergens in indoor air: environmental assessment and health effects. "The Science of the Total Environment" 270(1-3): 33-42. An evaluation of allergens as potential causes of 'sick house-syndrome'. A special double issue on chronic low-level exposures and environmental health.

Cello, J., A.V. Paul and E.Wimmer. 2002. "Chemical synthesis of poliovirus cDNA: Generation of infectious virus in the absence of natural template." Science published online, doi:10.1126/science.1072266. Researchers show that harmful viruses can be made from scratch.

Clarke, David. 1997. "Comparative Risk." Environmental Encyclopedia 2e: 215-217. Detroit, MI: Gale Research. A good survey of risk assessment.

Chyba CF. 2001. "Biological security in a changed world." Science 293(5539): 2349, (2001 Sep 28).

Colborn, Theo, et al. 1996. Our Stolen Future: How We Are Threatening Our Fertility, Intelligence, and Survival -- A Scientific Detective Story. New York: Dutton Book. A frightening account of the effects of endocrine hormone-disrupting environmental pollutants.

Cone, Richard A. and Emily Martin. 1997. "Corporeal Flows: The Immune System, Global Economies of Food & Implications for Health." The Ecologist 27(3): 107-111. Changes in food production, transport, and consumption may be linked to increasing levels of allergies and autoimmune diseases.

Cornell University Center for the Environment. 1997. "Environmental Risk Factors." Environmental Update, Spring 1997. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University. [Web site: http://www.cfe.cornell.edu] A useful examination of environmental risk, especially as related to breast cancer and toxics in the environment.

Covello VT., et al. 2001. "Risk communication, the West Nile virus epidemic, and bioterrorism: responding to the communication challenges posed by the intentional or unintentional release of a pathogen in an urban setting." Journal of Urban Health 78(2): 382-91 (2001 June).

Cunningham, William P. 1997. "Environmental Health" in Cunningham, et al., eds., Environmental Encyclopedia 2e pp. 361-363. Detroit, MI: Gale Research. A brief overview of environmental health. See many other articles in this volume on other specific topics.

Darnerud, Per Ola et al, "Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: Occurrence, Dietary Exposure, and Toxicology." Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 109 Supplement 1, pp.49-68 (March 2001). These widely used flame retardants are a newly recognized persistent organic pollutant with potentially serious human health effects.

Daszak, P. et al. 2000. "Emerging Infectious Diseases of Wildlife-Threats to Biodiversity and Human Health." Science (US) 287: 443-449. New diseases sometimes cross species barriers threatening both humans and other species.

Davidson, N.E., et al. 1997. "Pesticides and Breast Cancer: Fact or Fad?" Journal of the National Cancer Institute 89(23): 1743-1744.

Dhawan B., et al. .2001. "Bioterrorism: a threat for which we are ill prepared." National Medical Journal of India. 14(4): 225-30 (2001 Jul-Aug.). A review of bioterrorism from an Indian perspective.

Dibb, Sue. 1995. "Swimming in a Sea of Oestrogen: Chemical Hormone Disrupters." The Ecologist 25(1): 27-35, Expresses concern that a range of natural and synthetic chemicals, such as PCBs and dioxins and those contained in certain foods, detergents and plastics, can disrupt the body's hormonal balance.

Doherty, T.M., et al. 2002. "Oral vaccination with subunit vaccines protects animals against aerosol infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis." Infection and Immunity 70, 3111-3121 (2002). An oral vaccine may offer protection against TB.

Drexler, Madeline. 2002. Secret Agents: the Menace of Emerging Infections. Joseph Henry Press. While many of us are absorbed with fears of bioterrorism, Drexler focuses on the threat of emerging natural pathogens.

Dumanoski, Diane. 1997. "Child's Plague." Sierra 82(6): 46-51. Cancer, asthma, birth defects, aggression -- is pollution making kids sick?

Epstein, Paul R. 2000. "Is Global Warming Harmful to Health?" Scientific American 283 (2): 50-57. Suggests that infectious diseases will surge as the climate warms.

Ewald, Paul W. 2000. Plague Time: How Stealth Infections Cause Cancers, Heart Disease, and Other Deadly Ailments. Free Press (Science News Books). A controversial theory that chronic infections by viruses and bacteria cause most diseases, not pollution or lifestyle.

Ezzell, Carol. 2001. "Magic Bullets Fly Again." Scientific American 285(4): 34-41. Monoclonal antibodies offer a new hope for curing infectious diseases.

Fackelmann, Kathleen. 1998. "Tuberculosis Outbreak: An ancient killer strikes a new population." Science News 153: 73-75. A sad but interesting account of how a naive population reacts to its first encounter with a deadly disease.

Ferguson, N. M., et al. 2002. "Estimating the human health risk from possible BSE infection of the British sheep flock." Nature 413, 709 (2002). The BSE epidemic could be repeated in sheep.

Frongillo, E.A., et al, 2000. "Nutritional consequences of food insecurity in a rural New York State County." Discussion Paper no.1120-97. Institute for Research on Poverty, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. Those who can't afford a good diet often buy the wrong kinds of food.

Garaudée, S. et al. 2002. "Allosteric effects in norbadione: A clue for the accumulation process of 137Cs in mushrooms?" Chemical Communications 2002, 944 - 945 (2002). Edible mushrooms can absorb radioactive air pollution because their pigments captures elements such as caesium.

Gardner, M. J., et al. 2002. "Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum." Nature 419, 498-511 (2002). DNA sequencing may make a vaccine possible.

Garrett, Laurie. 1995. The Coming Plague: Newly Emerging Diseases in a World Out of Balance. Penguin Books. Yet another warning about emergent diseases.

Gaskel, G. et al. 1999. "Worlds apart? The Reception of Genetically Modified Foods in Europe and the U.S." Science (US) 285: 384-387 (July 16, 1999). Controversy around acceptance of genetically modified organisms in human food.

Gibbs, W. W. 1999. "Trailing a Virus." Scientific American 281(2): 80-85. The detective story of how the origin of a new viral disease was discovered in Malaysia.

Giesy, J. P. and K. Kannan. "Global distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate in wildlife." Environmental Science and Technology 35 (2001). Another widespread organic pollutant is found in foodchains throughout the world.

Glass, G. E. 2000. "Using Remotely Sensed Data To Identify Areas at Risk for Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6(3): 28-40 (March-April 2000).

Glatzel, M. et al. 2002. "Sharply increased Creutzfeld-Jakob disease mortality in Switzerland." Lancet 360, 139-141 (2002). The number of people dying from sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) has risen sharply in Switzerland. The finding is raising fears that 'mad cow disease' could have spread to humans in another form.

Glenister, C.S and M.P. Hoffman. 1996. "Mass-Reared Natural Enemies: Science, Technology, and Information Needs." Chapter 11, Conference Proceedings, Thomas Say Publications in Entomology, Entomological Society of American, Lanham, MD. Mass production of organisms for biological pest control.

Gold, L.S., T.H. Slone and B.N. Ames. 2001. "Natural and Synthetic Chemicals in the Diet: A Critical Analysis of Possible Cancer Hazards." In: Food Safety and Food Quality.

Goldstein, Bernard D, MD. 1996. "Health and Environment: Global Partners for Global Solutions." World Information Transfer's World Ecology Report 8(2): 1-16. The lead article in a general review of human health and the environment.

Goldstein, Inge F. and Martin Goldstein. 2002. How Much Risk? : A Guide to Understanding Environmental Health Hazards. Oxford Univ. Press. Claims that some protective measures cost more than they're worth.

Greenpeace. 1997. "United They Stand." Greenpeace Quarterly 2(1): 6-10. People in rural Louisiana fight pollution and environmental racism.

Gregson, S. et al. 2002. "Sexual mixing patterns and sex-differentials in teenage exposure to HIV infection in rural Zimbabwe." The Lancet 359, 1896-1903 (2002). By having sex with older men, teenage Zimbabwean women are increasing their chances of catching HIV, this research suggests.

Grein, T. W., et al. 2000. "Rumors of Disease in the Global Village: Outbreak Verification." Emerging Infectious Diseases 5(2): 7-15 (March/April 2000). Discusses the need for rapid assessment of disease outbreaks.

Grifo, Francesca and Joshua Rosenthal, eds. 1997. Biodiversity and Human Health. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Leading thinkers on the global environment and biomedicine explore the human health consequences of the loss of biological diversity.

Gurunathan, S., et al. 1998. "Accumulation of Chlorpyrifos on Residential Surfaces and Toys Accessible to Children." Environmental Health Perspectives 106(1): 9-16. A quantitative examination of major pathways and routes of exposure to pesticides for determining human risk.

Hansen, K., et al. "Compound-Specific, Quantitative Characterization of Organic Fluorochemicals in Biological Matrices." Environmental Science and Technology 35, 766 -770 (2001).

Hester, R.E. & R.M. Harrison, eds. Issues in Environmental Science and Technology 15, pp.95-128. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry.

Hobbs, K.E., M. Lebeuf and M. O. Hammill. 2002. "PCBs and OCPs in male harbour, grey, harp and hooded seals from the Estuary and Gulf of St Lawrence, Canada." The Science of the Total Environment 296 (1-3): 1-18. Toxins accumulate in wildlife.

Hughes JM. 2001. "Emerging infectious diseases: a CDC perspective." Emerging Infectious Diseases. 7(3 Suppl): 494-6, 2001. Discusses how pathogens could be used for bioterrorism.

Hooper, K., et al. 1997. "Analysis of Breast Milk to Assess Exposure to Chlorinated Contaminants in Kazakstan." Environmental Health Perspectives 105(11): 1250-1254.

Hooper, Kim and Thomas A. McDonald, 2000. "The PBDEs: An Emerging Environmental Challenge and Another Reason for Breast-Milk Monitoring Programs." Environmental Health Perspectives Vol. 108, No. 5, pp.387-392 (May 2000). Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, widely used as flame retardants, are a newly recognized persistent organic pollutant with potentially serious human health effects.

Hwang, Ann. 2001. "AIDS Over Asia." World Watch 14(1): 12-21. The pandemic that has ravaged southern Africa now threatens an even larger population in China and India.

Indur M. Goklany. 2001. The Precautionary Principle; A Critical Appraisal of Environmental Risk Assessment. Washington, D.C.: Cato Institute. A criticism of this approach.

Ito, J., et al. 2002. "Transgenic anopheline mosquitoes impaired in transmission of a malaria parasite." Nature 417, 452-455 (2002). Genetically modified mosquitoes may help prevent malaria.

Jensen, S., et al. 1997. "Environmental Pollution and Child Health in the Aral Sea Region in Kazakhstan." Science of the Total Environment 206(2-3): 187-193. Inadequate nutrition, poor sanitation, collapse of the health care system and pollution from Soviet agriculture and industries have caused a catastrophic decline in human health.

Jensen, T. et al. 2002. "Another Phocine Distemper Outbreak in Europe." Science 297, 209 (2002). Researchers fear reprise of 1988 epidemic that wiped out half of Europe's seals.

Jones, K.C. and P. de Voogt. "Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): The state of the science." Environmental Pollution, Special Issue 100:209-21, 1999. A good review of the topic.

Kaiser, Jocelyn. 1996. "Power Lines and Health: Panel Finds EMFs Pose No Threat." Science 274 (5289): 910. One in a long series of research articles for and against the health effects of EMFs.

Kalantzi. O. I., et al., 2001. "The global distribution of PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in butter." Environmental Science and Technology 35:1013-8 (2001). A good study of the global distribution of POPs.

Keith, Lawrence H. 1997. Environmental Endocrine Disrupters: A Handbook of Property Data. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. A comprehensive collection of data on this important topic.

Kettler, H. E. and R. Modi. 2001. "Building local research and development capacity for the prevention and cure of neglected diseases: the case of India." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 79:742-7 ( 2001). Cipla, an Indian generic drug manufacturer, is selling HIV cocktails to MSF (Doctors without borders) for $350 per year per patient.

Kohli, R. M., C.T. Walsh, and M.D. Burkart. 2002. "Biomimetic synthesis and optimization of cyclic peptide antibiotics." Nature 418, 658-661 (2002). Natural enzyme makes new antibiotics to fight superbugs.

Kong, Q.,et al. 2001. "Oral immunization with hepatitis B surface antigen expressed in transgenic plants." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, 11539-11544 (2002). GMO crops could provide edible vaccines.

Knaus, K. J. et al. "Crystal structure of the human prion protein reveals a mechanism for oligomerization." Nature Structural Biology 8, 770-774 (2001). New images of these proteins show long arms that can wrap around partner molecules and exchange amino acid domains.

Ley, David H., J. Edward Berkhoff and Sharon Levisohn. 1997. "Molecular Epidemiologic Investigations of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Conjunctivitis in Songbirds by Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Analyses." Emerging Infectious Diseases 3(3). The DNA of this emergent songbird disease doesn't match any known disease.

Longnecker, M. P., et al. 2001. "Association between maternal serum concentration of the DDT metabolite DDE and preterm, and small-for-gestational-age babies at birth." Lancet 358:110-114 (2001).

Lowell Statement on Science and the Precautionary Principle, December 17, 2001; Statement from the International Summit on Science and the Precautionary Principle; Hosted by the Lowell Center for Sustainable Production, University of Massachusetts ,Lowell 20-22, September 2002. available at http://www.uml.edu/centers/lcsp/precaution/. The statement of 77 scientists and teachers affirming the precautionary principle.

Lohmann, R., et al., "Atmospheric distribution of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and non-ortho biphenyls along a north-south Atlantic transect." Environmental Science and Technology 35: 4046-53 (2001).

McCally Michael (ed). 2002. Life Support: The Environment and Human Health. MIT Press. Brings together many lines of evidence linking environmental quality and human health.

McGinn, Anne P. 2000. "POPs Culture." World Watch 13(2): 26-36. Discusses the threats from persistent organic pollutants.

Miller, Judith, Stephen Engelberg and William J. Broad. 2001. Germs: Biological Weapons and America's Secret War. New York: Simon & Schuster. A popular best-seller on the topic of biological warfare.

Mitchell, Jennifer D. 1997. "Chemical Explosion." World Watch Journal 10(2): 26. The release of new synthetic chemicals are out of control, and so are their apparent effects on alligators, frogs, and children.

Montague, P. 2000. "Dumbing Down the Children." Rachel's Environment and Health Weekly # 687 February 17, 2000 [on line] URL http://www.rachel.org/bulletin/index. The first in a three-part series on the dangers of lead in the environment.

Montague, Peter. 1997. "The Truth About Breast Cancer." Rachel's Environment & Health Weekly #571, Electronic Edition. [Web site: http://www.monitor.net/rachel] Annapolis, MD: Environmental Research Foundation. A rather shrill but useful probe of the causes of breast cancer.

Morse, Stephen S. 1996. Emerging Viruses. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. A systematic exploration of the rapid evolution of emerging viruses with practical suggestions for prevention of future epidemics.

Murray, C .J. L. and A. D. Lopez. 2000. "Progress and directions in refining the global burden of disease." Health Economics 9: 69-82. An analysis of the daily burden of disease from different sources.

Ncayiyana, D. J. 2002. "Africa can solve its own health problems." British Medical Journal 324: 688-9 (March 23, 2002). While wealthy nations pursue drugs to treat baldness and obesity, depression in dogs, and erectile dysfunction, elsewhere millions are sick or dying from preventable or treatable infectious and parasitic diseases.

National Research Council. 1996. Carcinogens and Anticarcinogens in the Human Diet: A Comparison of Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Substances. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences USA.

Nendza, M., et al. 1997. "Potential for Secondary Poisoning and Biomagnification in Marine Organisms." Chemosphere 35(9): 1875-1885. Discusses how food webs accumulate and magnify toxins.

Nicolaou, K. D. and C. N. Boddy. 2001. "Behind Enemy Lines." Scientific American 284(5): 54-61. Microbes can defeat all current antibiotics but studies offer hope for new drugs.

O'Brien, Mary. 2000. Making Better Environmental Decisions: An Alternative to risk Assessment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Recommends "alternatives assessment" as a new approach to health protection.

Osterholm, M. T. 2000. "Emerging Infections -- Another Warning." The New England Journal of Medicine 342(17): 4-5 (April 27, 2000). An overview of the dangers of emergent diseases with some recent examples from around the world.

Pantani, C., et al. 1997. "Comparative acute toxicity of some pesticides, metals, and surfactants to Gammarus italicus Goedm. and Echinogammarus tibaldii." Bull Environ Contem Toxicol 59(6): 963-967.

Patterson, K. L., et al. "The etiology of white pox, a lethal disease of the Caribbean elkhorn coral, Acropora palmata." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2002). Human gut bacteria have been found associated with white pox disease, which has killed up to 90% of all the elkhorn coral in the Caribbean.

Peeters, M. et al. 2002. "Risk to human health from a plethora of simian immunodeficiency viruses in primate bushmeat". Emerging Infectious Diseases, 8, (2002). A survey finds that more than one-fifth of the monkey meat sold in the markets of Cameroon is infected with HIV's ancestor, SIV.

Peretz, D. et al. 2001. "Antibodies inhibit prion propagation and clear cell cultures of prion infectivity." Nature 412: 739-743 (2001). Antibodies may help to fight prion diseases, such as mad cow disease and human Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), a new study hints.

Platt, Anne E. 1996. "Infecting Ourselves: How Environmental and Social Disruptions Trigger Disease." Worldwatch Paper 129. Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute.

Pogoda, J.M., et al. 1997. "Household Pesticides and Risk of Pediatric Brain Tumors." Environmental Health Perspectives 105(11): 1214-1220.

Preston, Richard. 1995. The Hot Zone. Anchor Books. A sensationalized but highly readable account of Ebola outbreaks.

Price-Smith, Andrew T. 2001. The Health of Nations: Infectious Disease, Environmental Change, and their Effects on National Security and Development. MIT Press. The title says it all.

Raffensperger, C. and J. Tickner. 1999. Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle. Covelo, CA: Island Press. Discusses the philosophical foundation and application of the precautionary principle in health planning.

Raghunath D. 2001. "Biological warfare: bioterrorism." National Medical Journal of India 14(4):194-6 (2001 Jul-Aug). A useful discussion of bioterrorism threats.

Reiter. P. 2000. "From Shakespeare to Defoe: Malaria in England in the Little Ice Age." Emerging Infectious Diseases 6(1): 9-18 (Jan-Feb 2000). Discusses connections between climate, social conditions, and infectious diseases.

Ridley, M. 2000. "Asthma, Environment, and the Genome." Natural History 109(2): 54-64. What is the connection between pollution and asthma?

Ritter, L. 1997. "Report of a Panel on the Relationship between Public Exposure to Pesticides and Cancer." Cancer 80 (10): 2019-2033. Ad Hoc Panel on Pesticides and Cancer. National Cancer Institute of Canada. A Canadian view of cancer risks of pesticides.

Rivlin, Michael A. 2001. "Northern Exposure." On Earth 23(3): 14-20. Persistent organic pollutants are accumulating in people and wildlife of the far north.

Rodgers, Paul et al. 1999. "Biological Warfare against Crops." Scientific American vol 280(6): 70-75. Intentionally unleashing organisms that kill an enemy's food crops is a potentially devastating weapon of warfare and terrorism.

Rolston, H.1996. "Science, Advocacy, Human and Environmental Health." Science and the Total Environment 184(1-2): 51-56. Argues that ecosystem health should replace commodity-based sustainable development as a policy goal because of the links between ecosystems and human health.

Shiver, John W., et al. 2002. "Replication-incompetent adenoviral vaccine vector elicits effective anti-immunodeficiency-virus immunity." Nature 415, 331-335 (2002). Fifty-two co-authors report progress in developing an anti-HIV vaccine.

Shankar, Nathan, et al. 2002. "Modulation of virulence within a pathogenicity island in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis." Nature 417: 746-750. Genetic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus species reveals genes responsible for virulence.

Thornton. Joe. 2000. Pandora's Poison: Chlorine, Health, and a New environmental Strategy. MIT Press. Arguments for banning persistent organic pollutants.

Tollefsen, K.E. 2002. "Interaction of estrogen mimics, singly and in combination, with plasma sex steroid-binding proteins in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Aquatic Toxicology 56(3): 215-225.

Tornquist, M., et al. 202. "Acrylamide: A cooking carcinogen?" Chemical Research in Toxicology 13: 517-522 (2002). Frying and baking create a potential carcinogen in some foods.

Torres Viera, C. ,et al. 2001. "Restoration of vancomycin susceptibility in Enterococcus faecalis by antiresistance determinant gene transfer." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45: 973-975 (2001). Researchers restored antibiotic susceptibility to drug-resistant bacteria in the lab by giving them new genes.

Wargo, John. 1996. Our Children's Toxic Legagy: How Science Failed to Protect Us from Pesticides. Covelo, CA: Island Press. The history of pesticide law and science with a focus on the special hazards faced by children.

Webster, D. E. et al. 2002. "Successful boosting of a DNA measles immunization with an oral plant-derived measles virus vaccine." Journal of Virology 76: 7910-7912 (2002). GMO crops could provide edible antigens.

Wengelnik, K., et al, "A class of potent antimalarials and their specific accumulation in infected erythrocytes." Science 295:1311-4 (Feb. 15, 2002). New hope for curing malaria.

M. Wilhelm, et al. 2002. "Concentrations of lead in blood, hair and saliva of German children living in three different areas of traffic density." The Science of the Total Environment 297 (1-3): 109-118.

Wirthlin Worldwide. "The Precautionary Principle: Throwing Science Out with the Bath Water." Wirthlin Worldwide Issues Perspective February, 2000. pp.1-8; available at http://- 209.204.197.52/publicns/report/PPFINAL.PDF. Attacks the idea of a precautionary principle.

World Health Organization. 2000. "Health and Development in the 20th Century." World Health Report 1-10. New York: Oxford University Press.

Young, John A. T. and R. John Collier. 2002. "Attacking Anthrax." Scientific American 286(3): 48-59. Recent discoveries suggest new strategies for combating anthrax.

Zhou, H., et al. "Radiation risk to low levels of alpha particles may be greater than we thought." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98: 14410-14415 (2001). A new analysis of the risks of radon in indoor air.