(a) The levator palpebrae superioris; (b) the styloglossus; (c) the digastric; (d) the splenius capitis; (e) the erector spinae. Some other examples could also be given.
(a) The masseter; (b) the corrugator supercilii; (c) the digastric; (d) the splenius capitis; (e) the deep transverse perineus.
Paralysis of the orbicularis oris and buccinator muscles would impair speech, sucking and blowing actions, ability to push food from the cheeks between the molars for chewing, and ability to keep the lips closed. Such paralysis results in an accumulation of food in the cheeks during eating, and often requires that a person reach in with a finger to empty the cheek pouch. Drooling is also common because of inability to keep the lips closed.
Removal of one sternocleidomastoid would impair the ability to look downward in the contralateral direction, or to tip the head straight downward through symmetrical contraction of the right and left muscles.
The greatest concern is suffocation if the paralysis ascends to the level of the diaphragm.
