The elbow is not a weight-bearing joint. The menisci of the knee absorb pressure and shock imparted by the body weight and by walking and running. The articular disc in the TMJ serves a similar purpose, absorbing force created by biting and chewing.
The posterior talofibular and calcaneofibular ligaments would more likely be torn, because sudden inversion of the foot stretches these lateral ligaments beyond their tolerance, whereas it would cause slack in medial ligaments such as the deltoid. Tearing of ankle ligaments is a sprain.
(a) Flexion of the hip, knee, and elbow as you sit; (b) pronation of the forearm, extension of the elbow, and flexion of the shoulder as you reach for the apple; (c) depression and protraction followed by elevation of the mandible as you take a bite; and (d) retraction of the mandible and cyclic elevation, depression, and lateral and medial excursion as you chew it.
The olecranon prevents hyperextension of the elbow just as the ACL prevents hyperextension of the knee.
(1) Ball-and socket: shoulder (humeroscapular) and hip (coxal) joints. (2) Hinge: elbow (humeroulnar), knee, and interphalangeal joints. (3) Saddle: trapeziometacarpal joint I of the upper limb, with no example in the lower limb. (4) Pivot: Proximal radioulnar joint of the upper limb, with no example in the lower limb. (5) Gliding: intercarpal and intertarsal joints. (6) Condyloid: radiocarpal, metacarpophalangeal, and metatarsophalangeal joints.
