Objective [1]

Distinguish between self-esteem and self-efficacy. Self-esteem is an overall evaluation of oneself, one’s perceived selfworth. Self-efficacy is the belief in one’s ability to successfully perform a task.

Objective [2]

Contrast high and low self-monitoring individuals, and describe resulting problems each may have. A high self-monitor strives to make a good public impression by closely monitoring his or her behavior and adapting it to the situation. Very high self-monitoring can create a “chameleon” who is seen as insincere and dishonest. Low self-monitors do the opposite by acting out their momentary feelings, regardless of their surroundings. Very low self-monitoring can lead to a one-way communicator who seems to ignore verbal and nonverbal cues from others.

Objective [3]

Explain the social learning model of self-management. Behavior results from interaction among four components: (a) situational cues, (b) the person’s psychological self, (c) the person’s behavior, and (d) consequences. Behavior, such as Covey’s seven habits of highly effective people, can be developed by relying on supportive cognitive processes such as mental rehearsal and self-talk. Carefully arranged cues and consequences also help in the self-improvement process.

Objective [4]

Identify and describe the Big Five personality dimensions, specify which one is correlated most strongly with job performance, and describe the proactive personality. The Big Five personality dimensions are extraversion (social and talkative), agreeableness (trusting and cooperative), conscientiousness (responsible and persistent), emotional stability (relaxed and unworried), and openness to experience (intellectual and curious). Conscientiousness is the best predictor of job performance. A person with a proactive personality shows initiative, takes action, and perseveres until a desired change occurs.

Objective [5]

Explain the difference between an internal and external locus of control. People with an internal locus of control, such as entrepreneurs, believe they are masters of their own fate. Those with an external locus of control attribute their behavior and its results to situational forces.

Objective [6]

Explain the concepts of emotional contagion and emotional labor, and identify the four key components of emotional intelligence. Emotions are indeed contagious, with good and bad moods “infecting” others. Emotional labor occurs when people need to repress their emotional reactions when serving others. Resentment, frustration, and even anger can result when “putting on a happy face” for customers and others. Four key components of emotional intelligence are self-awareness and self-management (for personal competence) and social awareness and relationship management (for social competence).