 |
| 1 | |
In the Images of Life-Span Development section, "Learning to Age Successfully", the author relates a story about 90-year-old George Carter. To what does George attribute his vitality? |
| | A) | medical treatment |
| | B) | his state of mind |
| | C) | improved nutrition |
| | D) | exercise |
|
|
|
| 2 | |
With improvements in medicine, nutrition, exercise, and lifestyle, our: |
| | A) | life span has increased. |
| | B) | life expectancy has increased. |
| | C) | life expectancy has stayed the same, but our lives are healthier. |
| | D) | life expectancy has dropped, but the quality of life has improved. |
|
|
|
| 3 | |
Researchers in the New England Centenarian study have found that _________ contributes to longevity. |
| | A) | a middle-class lifestyle |
| | B) | financial stability |
| | C) | the ability to cope with stress |
| | D) | being married |
|
|
|
| 4 | |
The second X chromosome that women have appears to give them a health advantage over men in that it seems to: |
| | A) | counteract the negative effects of free radicals. |
| | B) | be associated with the production of more disease-fighting antibodies. |
| | C) | offer greater resistance against stress. |
| | D) | protect women against lung cancer, a leading cause of death in men. |
|
|
|
| 5 | |
Who would be classified as the "oldest old"? |
| | A) | Methuselah, who is 78 |
| | B) | Eve, who is 83 |
| | C) | Noah, who is 88 |
| | D) | All three are among the oldest old. |
|
|
|
| 6 | |
Leonard Hayflick believes that cells can divide a maximum of about _________ times. |
| | A) | 25 to 50 |
| | B) | 50 to 65 |
| | C) | 75 to 80 |
| | D) | 80 to 90 |
|
|
|
| 7 | |
A recent extension to Hayflick's cellular clock theory suggests that cells die because: |
| | A) | they disintegrate over time. |
| | B) | they become too large and are no longer able to sustain themselves. |
| | C) | the telomeres, or DNA sequences that cap the chromosomes, become shorter over time. |
| | D) | the RNA in our bodies is programmed to stop sending nutrients to the cells over time. |
|
|
|
| 8 | |
The ________ theory of aging states that people age because inside their cells normal metabolism produces unstable oxygen molecules that ricochet around the cells, damaging DNA and other cellular structures. |
| | A) | free-radical |
| | B) | cellular clock |
| | C) | hormonal stress |
| | D) | life-span |
|
|
|
| 9 | |
In the aging brain, at least through the seventies, it appears that: |
| | A) | dendritic growth compensates for the loss of neurons. |
| | B) | neural efficiency is compensated for by neural size. |
| | C) | neural cells increase in size to compensate for the loss of myelin. |
| | D) | the increased production of neural transmitters compensates for loss of neurons. |
|
|
|
| 10 | |
All of the following are normal declines in vision due to aging EXCEPT: |
| | A) | diminished tolerance to glare. |
| | B) | slower dark adaptation. |
| | C) | less ability to detect events in the center of the visual field. |
| | D) | reduction in the intensity of light reaching the retina. |
|
|
|
| 11 | |
Rozee's eyes have cloudy, opaque areas in the lens that prevent light from passing through, causing her to have blurred vision. The visual problem she has is: |
| | A) | macular degeneration. |
| | B) | cataracts. |
| | C) | glaucoma. |
| | D) | presbyopia. |
|
|
|
| 12 | |
Which of the following is NOT a change that normally takes place in the respiratory system between the ages of 20 and 80? |
| | A) | lung capacity drops 40 percent |
| | B) | lungs lose elasticity |
| | C) | the chest enlarges |
| | D) | the diaphragm weakens |
|
|
|
| 13 | |
A study by Matthias et al. (1997) of more than 1,200 adults with a mean age of 77 revealed that: |
| | A) | over half of them had participated in sexual activity in the past month. |
| | B) | two-thirds of them were satisfied with their current level of sexual activity. |
| | C) | almost 75 percent had discontinued having sex within the past five years. |
| | D) | the men were more sexually active than the women. |
|
|
|
| 14 | |
Women in late adulthood are most likely to suffer from: |
| | A) | hearing problems. |
| | B) | asthma. |
| | C) | diabetes. |
| | D) | arthritis. |
|
|
|
| 15 | |
The second leading cause of death in older adults is: |
| | A) | heart disease. |
| | B) | cancer. |
| | C) | influenza. |
| | D) | diabetes. |
|
|
|
| 16 | |
An aging disorder associated with calcium and vitamin D deficiencies, estrogen depletion, and lack of exercise is: |
| | A) | arthritis. |
| | B) | osteoporosis. |
| | C) | pernicious anemia. |
| | D) | menopause. |
|
|
|
| 17 | |
Older adults subscribing to a low-calorie diet: |
| | A) | live substantially longer than those who do not follow a similar diet. |
| | B) | are likely to die sooner than those who do not. |
| | C) | should use caution, because not much is known about the long-term effects of low-calorie diets. |
| | D) | would be healthier if they were following high-protein diets which included vitamin supplements. |
|
|
|
| 18 | |
Vitamin supplements called antioxidants may affect health by counteracting the effects of: |
| | A) | white corpuscles. |
| | B) | DNA changes. |
| | C) | free radicals. |
| | D) | cholesterol. |
|
|
|
| 19 | |
All of the following individuals are exhibiting a symptom of major depression EXCEPT: |
| | A) | Ariel, who is making self-derogatory comments |
| | B) | Belle, who has recurring nightmares |
| | C) | Cathy, who is not eating |
| | D) | Darlene, who is completely unmotivated |
|
|
|
| 20 | |
________ is a progressive, irreversible disorder characterized by gradual deterioration of memory, reasoning, language, and eventually physical functioning. |
| | A) | Cognitive dementia |
| | B) | Alzheimer's disease |
| | C) | Multi-infarct dementia |
| | D) | Schizophrenia |
|
|
|
| 21 | |
In the 1970s, a deficiency of acetylcholine was discovered to occur in: |
| | A) | Parkinson's disease. |
| | B) | Alzheimer's disease. |
| | C) | arteriosclerosis. |
| | D) | multi-infarct dementia. |
|
|
|
| 22 | |
Depression has been reported in ____ percent of those family members who care for Alzheimer's patients. |
| | A) | 10 |
| | B) | 25 |
| | C) | 35 |
| | D) | 50 |
|
|
|
| 23 | |
Approximately ____ % of adults 65 and over reside in nursing homes. |
| | A) | 7 |
| | B) | 14 |
| | C) | 21 |
| | D) | 28 |
|
|
|
| 24 | |
Rodin (1990) found that nursing home patients who were given some responsibility and control over their lives became: |
| | A) | more difficult to manage. |
| | B) | more likely to want to return home. |
| | C) | healthier. |
| | D) | happier, but lived no longer than those given no responsibility or self-control. |
|
|
|
| 25 | |
Psychotherapists have been accused of failing to accept many older adult clients because: |
| | A) | they believe the prognosis for the older adult is poor. |
| | B) | fewer techniques for treating mental problems among older adults exist. |
| | C) | older clients are less likely to pay for services rendered. |
| | D) | older clients typically forget their appointments. |
|
|
|
| 26 | |
Margaret Gatz suggests that in order for the current health-care system to meet the needs of older adults with mental disorders it should: |
| | A) | allow physicians to provide prescriptions over the phone. |
| | B) | consider limiting the types of psychological care covered by health care. |
| | C) | create elder care centers in the workplace. |
| | D) | provide better education for the elderly on how they can benefit from therapy. |
|
|
|
| 27 | |
According to Paul Baltes, cognitive __________ are the culture-based software programs of the mind. |
| | A) | mechanics |
| | B) | pragmatics |
| | C) | schemes |
| | D) | structures |
|
|
|
| 28 | |
In older adulthood: |
| | A) | cognitive pragmatics are likely to improve with aging. |
| | B) | cognitive mechanics are likely to improve with aging. |
| | C) | cognitive pragmatics and cognitive mechanics are both likely to improve with aging. |
| | D) | cognitive pragmatics and cognitive mechanics are both likely to decline with aging. |
|
|
|
| 29 | |
Older adults perform as well as younger adults on measures of __________ attention. |
| | A) | sustained |
| | B) | divided |
| | C) | selective |
| | D) | relevant |
|
|
|
| 30 | |
In a study of younger and older typists, Salthouse (1984) found that: |
| | A) | younger typists consistently outperformed the older typists. |
| | B) | older typists consistently outperformed the younger typists. |
| | C) | when older typists could look ahead at the words to be typed, they typed as fast as younger typists. |
| | D) | when the number of characters that typists could look ahead at was limited, the younger typists slowed considerably. |
|
|
|
| 31 | |
Working memory is also referred to as: |
| | A) | long-term memory. |
| | B) | short-term memory. |
| | C) | semantic memory. |
| | D) | episodic memory. |
|
|
|
| 32 | |
Evelyn, who is 105 years old, is active in her community and continues to play the piano at social gatherings. She loves to tell stories about when she was a little girl. Based on the research on memory and aging, we could expect that: |
| | A) | she believes her memory to be accurate, but in reality it has become increasingly inaccurate as she has aged. |
| | B) | her memory of the events is accurate, and she is telling the stories as they happened. |
| | C) | her memory of the events is accurate, but she is probably adding a lot to her stories that did not happen. |
| | D) | she can no longer remember these events very well, but she wants to entertain her audience, so she pretends her memory is good. |
|
|
|
| 33 | |
As we proceed into late adulthood, we can normally expect the LEAST amount of decline in which aspect of memory? |
| | A) | episodic memory |
| | B) | working memory |
| | C) | semantic memory |
| | D) | perceptual speed |
|
|
|
| 34 | |
Older adults are most likely to forget: |
| | A) | the bottom items on a written list of items they need to buy at the hardware store. |
| | B) | how to drive a car. |
| | C) | what items they wanted to buy at a grocery store. |
| | D) | how to play golf. |
|
|
|
| 35 | |
Which of the following statements about memory and aging is FALSE? |
| | A) | Positive or negative beliefs about one's memory skills are related to actual memory performance. |
| | B) | Health, education, and socioeconomic status can influence an older adult's performance on memory tasks. |
| | C) | Research has found that maintaining good health can eliminate memory decline. |
| | D) | Using familiar tasks in research reduces age decrements in memory. |
|
|
|
| 36 | |
Which of the following characteristics is positively correlated with scores on intelligence tests? |
| | A) | introversion |
| | B) | well-rounded personality |
| | C) | job experience |
| | D) | educational experiences |
|
|
|
| 37 | |
The cognitive dropoffs that are linked to poor health in the elderly: |
| | A) | are the causative factors of the poor health. |
| | B) | appear to be the direct result of the poor health. |
| | C) | are probably the result of lifestyle behaviours such as inactivity and stress. |
| | D) | appear to be caused by genetic factors. |
|
|
|
| 38 | |
Clarkson-Smith and Hartley (1989), in their study of the effects of exercise on cognitive functioning, found that: |
| | A) | aerobic exercise is related to improved cognitive functioning. |
| | B) | yoga is related to improved cognitive functioning. |
| | C) | stretching exercises are related to improved cognitive functioning. |
| | D) | any type of exercise (i.e., aerobic, yoga, stretching) shows greater cognitive benefits for older people than for those who are younger. |
|
|
|
| 39 | |
The mnemonic technique being used when an item to be remembered is paired with a location is: |
| | A) | chunking. |
| | B) | story-telling. |
| | C) | rehearsing. |
| | D) | the method of loci. |
|
|
|
| 40 | |
As noted in the text, religion can provide important psychological needs in older adults, including all of the following EXCEPT: |
| | A) | assistance in finding and maintaining a sense of meaningfulness and significance in life. |
| | B) | the ability to accept impending death and the inevitable losses of old age. |
| | C) | social activities and social support. |
| | D) | assistance with psychological problems, such as depression. |
|
|
.