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| 1 | |
Development is defined as the pattern of movement or ___________ across the life span. |
| | A) | growth |
| | B) | change |
| | C) | decline |
| | D) | stability |
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| 2 | |
Which of the following would involve a cognitive process? |
| | A) | hormonal changes at puberty |
| | B) | an infant responding to her mother's touch with a smile |
| | C) | an elderly couple's affection for each other |
| | D) | putting together a two-word sentence |
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| 3 | |
What is true concerning the biological, cognitive, and socioemotional processes? |
| | A) | Each is distinct from the others. |
| | B) | The cognitive and socioemotional are more closely related than the cognitive and biological. |
| | C) | They are intricately interwoven. |
| | D) | They are more obvious in the early years of life. |
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| 4 | |
Penny is just beginning to use language and other symbols. If she is developing normally, we would expect her to be in which developmental period? |
| | A) | perinatal |
| | B) | prenatal |
| | C) | infancy |
| | D) | early childhood |
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| 5 | |
__________ typically marks the end of the early childhood period of development. |
| | A) | Walking without assistance |
| | B) | The emergence of the first word |
| | C) | First grade |
| | D) | The onset of puberty |
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| 6 | |
Which period of development is characterized by establishing independence, developing an identity, and thinking more abstractly? |
| | A) | middle childhood |
| | B) | late childhood |
| | C) | adolescence |
| | D) | early adulthood |
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| 7 | |
Bernice Neugarten has emphasized reemerging life themes in development. Her observations have led her to conclude that: |
| | A) | life stages are important for understanding development. |
| | B) | each person relives his or her childhood during later development. |
| | C) | we must focus on the later developmental periods. |
| | D) | age is becoming less important for understanding development. |
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| 8 | |
Rozee is 86 years young. She continues to learn phrases in new languages, she writes poetry, and she enjoys going to museums to see the latest up-and-coming artists. These examples of her adaptive capacities demonstrate: |
| | A) | chronological age. |
| | B) | biological age. |
| | C) | psychological age. |
| | D) | social age. |
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| 9 | |
Researchers who are proponents of the nurture perspective would argue that: |
| | A) | genetics determines all behaviour. |
| | B) | the environment a person is raised in determines that individual's longevity. |
| | C) | how long an individual's parents lived is the best predictor of that individual's longevity. |
| | D) | genetics and the environment in which an individual is raised will jointly determine that person's longevity. |
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| 10 | |
In studying changes in the way we think as we age, Dr. Long notes a child moves from not being able to think abstractly about the world to being able to, which is a qualitative change in processing information. Dr. Long emphasizes: |
| | A) | continuity. |
| | B) | discontinuity. |
| | C) | stability. |
| | D) | maturation. |
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| 11 | |
An important dimension of the ____________ issue is the extent to which early experiences or later experiences are the key determinants of a person's development. |
| | A) | stability-change |
| | B) | nature-nurture |
| | C) | continuity-discontinuity |
| | D) | multidimensional |
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| 12 | |
Most life-span developmentalists recognize that: |
| | A) | nature, continuity, and stability are the primary determinants of behaviour. |
| | B) | nurture, discontinuity, and change are the primary determinants of behaviour. |
| | C) | the key to development is in the interaction of nature and nurture, continuity and discontinuity, and stability and change. |
| | D) | while nurture (the environment) is important, nature (heredity) plays the stronger role. |
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| 13 | |
The answers to questions about the issues of nature-nurture, continuity-discontinuity, and stability-change: |
| | A) | influence public policy decisions and how people live their lives. |
| | B) | have little influence on public policy decisions, but do influence how people live their lives. |
| | C) | influence public policy decisions, but have little influence on how people live their lives. |
| | D) | are primarily concerns for psychologists, but end up having little impact in policy or people's lifestyle choices. |
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| 14 | |
As he was studying life-span development, Tyrell had to learn several interrelated, coherent sets of ideas that would help him explain and make predictions about development. Tyrell had to learn: |
| | A) | theories. |
| | B) | hypotheses. |
| | C) | models. |
| | D) | scientific methods. |
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| 15 | |
An assumption or prediction that can be tested to determine its accuracy is a: |
| | A) | theory. |
| | B) | hypothesis. |
| | C) | model. |
| | D) | scientific method. |
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| 16 | |
One difficulty of conducting research in the laboratory setting is that: |
| | A) | it is artificial, thus difficult to generalize findings to the real world. |
| | B) | random assignment is impossible. |
| | C) | extraneous factors are difficult to control. |
| | D) | participants tend to be unaware that they are in an experiment. |
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| 17 | |
The main advantage of the naturalistic observation technique involves: |
| | A) | real world validity. |
| | B) | great control over extraneous variables. |
| | C) | the ability to utilize inferential statistics. |
| | D) | a lack of ethical controls. |
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| 18 | |
Dr. Somberg is using a method of gathering information that gives an in-depth look at one individual. She is using: |
| | A) | The interview. |
| | B) | laboratory observation. |
| | C) | participant observation. |
| | D) | The case study. |
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| 19 | |
Which of the following questions would best be answered using a correlational study? |
| | A) | Does depression increase with age? |
| | B) | Are people more depressed before or after retirement? |
| | C) | Does exercise decrease depression? |
| | D) | How depressed are 14-year-olds? |
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| 20 | |
A common caution for correlational studies is: |
| | A) | they are difficult to administer. |
| | B) | correlation does not equal causation. |
| | C) | correlations do not tell direction of relationship. |
| | D) | correlations do not indicate the strength of a relationship. |
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| 21 | |
Which type of research allows researchers to determine the causes of behaviour? |
| | A) | correlational |
| | B) | archival |
| | C) | experimental |
| | D) | case study |
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| 22 | |
An experiment involves the effects of aerobic exercise by pregnant women on their newborns' breathing and sleeping patterns. In this experiment, the newborns' breathing and sleeping patterns are the ____variable. |
| | A) | random |
| | B) | dependent |
| | C) | independent |
| | D) | confounding |
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| 23 | |
A ___________ design compares individuals of different ages (e.g., 30-year-olds, 40-year-olds, and 50-year-olds) at one testing time. |
| | A) | cross-sectional |
| | B) | longitudinal |
| | C) | Latin squares |
| | D) | correlational |
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| 24 | |
Effects due to a participant's time of birth or generation, but not to actual age are referred to as ___________ effects. |
| | A) | subjective |
| | B) | cohort |
| | C) | confounding |
| | D) | historical |
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| 25 | |
When psychologists are conducting research with children, once the parents have provided consent: |
| | A) | the psychologist may continue to the end of the study unless the child becomes ill. |
| | B) | if the child does not want to participate, the psychologist must not continue testing the child. |
| | C) | if the child does not want to participate, the psychologist must stop long enough to talk to the parents and calm the child down before proceeding. |
| | D) | if the child does not want to participate, the psychologist will ask the parents to calm the child down so the testing may continue. |
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| 26 | |
When researchers use an ethnic label, such as Egyptian- Canadian or European-Canadian, in a superficial way that makes an ethnic group look more homogeneous than it really is, this is referred to as: |
| | A) | ethnic gloss. |
| | B) | ethnic bias. |
| | C) | stereotyping. |
| | D) | xenophobia. |
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