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| 1 | |
From B. F. Skinner's point of view, behaviour is explained by paying attention to: |
| | A) | the rewards and punishments that shape behaviour. |
| | B) | the unconscious processes that determine behaviour. |
| | C) | individuals' cognitive interpretations of their environmental experiences. |
| | D) | the biological processes that determine maturation. |
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| 2 | |
Watson's experiment with little Albert: |
| | A) | proved that fears cannot be learned through classical conditioning. |
| | B) | proved that the concepts of classical conditioning could not be applied to humans. |
| | C) | did not provide the scientific community with valuable information. |
| | D) | would be considered unethical today. |
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| 3 | |
According to Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory, the three factors that reciprocally influence development involve: |
| | A) | behaviour, cognition, and the environment. |
| | B) | punishment, reward, and reinforcement. |
| | C) | memory, problem solving, and reasoning. |
| | D) | cognition, reward, and observation. |
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| 4 | |
Konrad Lorenz discovered that baby geese imprint to: |
| | A) | their mother only. |
| | B) | any adult female bird. |
| | C) | any adult bird. |
| | D) | the first moving object seen. |
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| 5 | |
One of the most important applications of ethological theory to human development involves: |
| | A) | John Bowlby's research demonstrating that critical periods are evident in birds, but do not occur in humans. |
| | B) | John Bowlby's research demonstrating that attachment to a caregiver in the first year of life has important consequences throughout the life span. |
| | C) | John Bowlby's research demonstrating that despite negative or insecure attachment in the first year, the individual is still likely to develop into a healthy adult. |
| | D) | Mary Salter Ainsworth's research demonstrating a lack of connection between attachment early in life and later life adjustment. |
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| 6 | |
According to Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory, growing up in a particular culture would be a part of an individual's: |
| | A) | microsystem. |
| | B) | exosystem. |
| | C) | macrosystem. |
| | D) | chronosystem. |
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| 7 | |
A major strength of Bronfenbrenner's ecological theory is its framework for explaining: |
| | A) | environmental influences on development. |
| | B) | biological influences on development. |
| | C) | cognitive development. |
| | D) | affective processes in development. |
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| 8 | |
Growing up as a "Baby Boomer" would be part of a person's: |
| | A) | microsystem. |
| | B) | mesosystem. |
| | C) | exosystem. |
| | D) | chronosystem. |
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| 9 | |
An approach that simultaneously consists of several different theoretical perspectives is referred to as: |
| | A) | nondescript. |
| | B) | eclectic. |
| | C) | quasi-experimental. |
| | D) | pseudoscientific. |
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