(See related pages)
Below are the key terms featured in this chapter. The textbook's full glossary is also available for online searching.
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| Amnion | The life-support system that is a bag containing clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats |
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| Apgar Scale | A method to assess the health of newborns at one and five minutes after birth |
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| Blastocyst | The inner layer of cells that develops in the germinal period; these cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo |
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| Bonding | Close physical contact between parents and their newborn shortly after birth |
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| Brazelton Neonatal Behavioural Assessment Scale | A test given 24 to 36 hours after birth to assess newborns’ neurological development |
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| Breech position | The baby’s position uterus that causes the buttocks to be the first part to emerge from the vagina |
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| Embryonic period | The period of prenatal development that occurs two to eight weeks after conception |
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| Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) | A cluster of abnormalities that appears in the offspring of mothers who drink alcohol heavily during pregnancy |
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| Fetal period | The prenatal period that begins two months after conception and lasts seven months |
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| Gender ambiguity | A condition in which a child is born with both male and female features |
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| Germinal period | The period of prenatal development that takes place in the first two weeks after conception |
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| Low-birth-weight infant | An infant born after a regular period of gestation, but who weighs less than 2.5 kg |
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| Midwife | Nurses who have been specially trained in delivering babies |
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| Natural childbirth | This method attempts to reduce the mother’s pain by decreasing her fear through education about childbirth and by relaxation techniques |
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| Organogenesis | Organ formation that takes place during the first two months of prenatal development |
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| Placenta | A life-support system that consists of a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and offspring intertwine |
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| Postpartum period | The period after childbirth when the mother adjusts to the process of childbirth |
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| Prepared childbirth | This strategy includes a special breathing technique to control pushing in the final stages of labour |
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| Preterm infant | An infant born prior to 38 weeks after conception |
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| Teratogen | From the Greek word tera, meaning “monster,” any agent that causes a birth defect |
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| Trophoblast | The outer layer of cells that develops the germinal period; these cells provide nutrition and support for the embryo |
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| Umbilical cord | A life-support system containing two arteries and one vein that connects the baby to the placenta |