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A corporate certificate indicating that a person has lent money to a firm.
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A financial plan that sets forth management’s expectations, and, on the basis of those expectations, allocates the use of specific resources throughout the firm.
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A budget that highlights a firm’s spending plans for major asset purchases that often require large sums of money.
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Major investments in either tangible long-term assets such as land, buildings, and equipment, or intangible assets such as patents, trademarks, and copyrights.
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A budget that estimates a firm’s projected cash inflows and outflows that the firm can use to plan for any cash shortages or surpluses during a given period.
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Forecast that predicts the cash inflows and outflows in future periods, usually months or quarters.
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Organizations that make short-term loans to borrowers who offer tangible assets as collateral.
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Unsecured promissory notes of $100,000 and up that mature (come due) in 365 days or less.
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The most basic form of ownership in a firm; it confers voting rights and the right to share in the firm’s profits through dividends, if offered by the firm’s board of directors.
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Bonds that are unsecured (i.e., not backed by any collateral such as equipment).
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Funds raised through various forms of borrowing that must be repaid.
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Part of a firm’s profits that may be distributed to shareholders as either cash payments or additional shares of stock.
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Funds raised from operations within the firm or through the sale of ownership in the firm.
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The process of selling accounts receivable for cash.
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The function in a business that acquires funds for the firm and manages those funds within the firm.
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A process in which a firm periodically compares its actual revenues, costs, and expenses with its projected ones.
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The job of managing a firm’s resources so it can meet its goals and objectives.
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Managers who make recommendations to top executives regarding strategies for improving the financial strength of a firm.
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The first public offering of a corporation’s stock.
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Large organizations—such as pension funds, mutual funds, insurance companies, and banks—that invest their own funds or the funds of others.
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The payment the issuer of the bond makes to the bondholders for use of the borrowed money.
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A given amount of unsecured funds a bank will lend to a business.
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Borrowed funds that are needed for a period longer than one year.
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Forecast that predicts revenues, costs, and expenses for a period longer than one year, and sometimes as far as five or ten years into the future.
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The exact date the issuer of a bond must pay the principal to the bondholder.
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The budget that ties together all of a firm’s other budgets; it is the projection of dollar allocations to various costs and expenses needed to run or operate the business, given projected revenues.
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Stock that gives its owners preference in the payment of dividends and an earlier claim on assets than common shareholders if the company is forced out of business and its assets are sold.
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A written contract with a promise to pay.
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A line of credit that is guaranteed by the bank.
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The principle that the greater the risk a lender takes in making a loan, the higher the interest rate required.
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A loan backed by something valuable, such as property.
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Borrowed funds that are needed for one year or less.
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Forecast that predicts revenues, costs, and expenses for a period of one year or less.
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A reserve account in which the issuer of a bond periodically retires some part of the bond principal prior to maturity so that enough capital will be accumulated by the maturity date to pay off the bond.
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Evidence of stock ownership that specifies the name of the company, the number of shares it represents, and the type of stock being issued.
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Shares of ownership in a company.
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A promissory note that requires the borrower to repay the loan in specified instalments.
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The practice of buying goods and services now and paying for them later.
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A loan that’s not backed by any specific assets.
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Money that is invested in new or emerging companies that are perceived as having great profit potential.
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