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Glomerulonephritis



1

In a patient with nephrotic syndrome, which of the following is not expected to be present?
A)Proteinuria
B)Edema
C)Hyperlipidemia
D)Hypercoagulable state
E)Hematuria
2

Which of the following is not expected to reduce proteinuria when used for patients with glomerulonephritis?
A)Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors
B)Angiotensin II receptor blockers
C)Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem)
D)Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine, amlodipine)
E)All of the above are expected to reduce proteinuria
3

Treatment of which of the following is expected to reduce the progression of renal failure in patients with glomerulonephritis?
A)Edema
B)Proteinuria
C)Hyperlipidemia
D)Coagulopathy
E)Hematuria
4

ACE inhibitors are often used in patients with glomerulonephritis because of their ability to reduce:
A)Proteinuria
B)Blood pressure
C)Immunologically induced glomerular damage
D)Both A and B
E)All A, B, and C
5

Intravascular thrombosis is a common and serious complication of nephrotic syndrome associated with which of the following glomerular disease?
A)Minimal-change nephropathy
B)Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
C)Membranous nephropathy
D)Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
E)Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
6

Which of the following glomerulonephritis is more commonly seen in pediatric patients?
A)Minimal-change nephropathy
B)Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
C)Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
D)Membranous nephropathy
E)Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
7

Which of the following agent is known to be most effective in inducing remission in patients with recently diagnosed minimal-change nephropathy?
A)Steroid
B)Cyclosporine
C)Azathioprine
D)Cyclophosphamide
E)Levamisole
8

Which of the following agent is often effective in inducing remission in patients with minimal-change nephropathy who experience relapse?
A)Steroid
B)Cyclosporine
C)Azathioprine
D)Cyclophosphamide
E)Levamisole
9

Which of the following is not correct regarding the use of cyclosporine for the treatment of minimal-change nephropathy?
A)Cyclosporine may reduce lymphokine production by activated T lymphocytes
B)Cyclosporine may improve the permselectivity of GBM
C)Cyclosporine is often effective in preventing relapse
D)Cyclosporine is often effective in inducing remission during relapse
E)Cyclosporine is useful for patients who are steroid dependent
10

Compared with minimal-change nephropathy, patients with focal segmental glomerulonephritis are:
A)More likely to be adults
B)Less responsive to steroid treatment
C)More likely to develop progressive renal failure
D)Only A and B above are correct
E)All A, B, and C above are correct
11

In patients with mild focal segmental glomerulonephritis, which of the following is (are) commonly used?
A)ACE inhibitors
B)Angiotensin II receptor blockers
C)Immunosuppressive agents
D)Both A and/or B can be used
E)All A, B, and C are necessary to induce remission
12

Fish oil may be beneficial in certain patients with which of the following types of glomerulonephritis?
A)Minimal-change nephropathy
B)Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
C)Immunoglobulin A nephropathy
D)Membranous nephropathy
E)Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
13

Which of the following is correct with respect to treatment for membranous nephropathy?
A)Spontaneous remission is common, and steroid treatment alone is commonly used to reduce proteinuria and progression of disease
B)Spontaneous remission is common, and steroid treatment alone is not effective in reducing proteinuria and progression of disease
C)Spontaneous remission is unlikely, and steroid treatment is needed to reduce proteinuria and progression of disease
D)Spontaneous remission is unlikely, and steroid treatment alone is not effective in reducing proteinuria and progression of disease
E)Steroid and cytotoxic agents are commonly needed to induce remission
14

A patient with IgA nephropathy who has normal renal function, isolated micro-hematuria, and proteinuria less than 1 g/day should be:
A)Observed closely without specific treatment
B)Given fish oil
C)Given steroid treatment
D)Given cytotoxic agents
E)Given cyclosporine
15

Which of the following is not normally considered when selecting the optimal treatment for patients with lupus nephritis?
A)Type of underlying lesion
B)Disease activity according to pathologic findings
C)Severity of symptoms
D)Duration of symptoms
E)All of the above are commonly considered
16

Which of the following is frequently used for chronic maintenance treatment of lupus nephritis?
A)Steroid
B)Cytotoxic agent
C)Cyclosporine
D)Mycophenolate mofetil
E)Fish oil
17

Monoclonal antibodies has been evaluated for the treatment of which of the following glomerular disease?
A)Minimal-change nephropathy
B)Focal segmental glomerulonephritis
C)IgA nephropathy
D)Lupus nephritis
E)Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
18

The presence of crescents in glomeruli of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) indicates:
A)Severe disease requiring early aggressive therapy
B)Type I RPGN
C)Type II RPGN
D)Type III RPGN
E)The need for close observation but no specific treatment
19

Which of the following is (are) known to cause glomerulonephritis?
A)Group A streptococci
B)Hepatitis C virus
C)HIV
D)Parasites
E)All of the above
20

Antibiotic treatment after poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis may:
A)Prevent subsequent poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
B)Reduce severity of disease
C)Prevent the spread of infection to family members
D)Both B and C
E)Both A and C







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