|
1 | | In a patient with nephrotic syndrome, which of the following is not expected to be present? |
| | A) | Proteinuria |
| | B) | Edema |
| | C) | Hyperlipidemia |
| | D) | Hypercoagulable state |
| | E) | Hematuria |
|
|
2 | | Which of the following is not expected to reduce proteinuria when used for patients with glomerulonephritis? |
| | A) | Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors |
| | B) | Angiotensin II receptor blockers |
| | C) | Nondihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g., diltiazem) |
| | D) | Dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (e.g., nifedipine, amlodipine) |
| | E) | All of the above are expected to reduce proteinuria |
|
|
3 | | Treatment of which of the following is expected to reduce the progression of renal failure in patients with glomerulonephritis? |
| | A) | Edema |
| | B) | Proteinuria |
| | C) | Hyperlipidemia |
| | D) | Coagulopathy |
| | E) | Hematuria |
|
|
4 | | ACE inhibitors are often used in patients with glomerulonephritis because of their ability to reduce: |
| | A) | Proteinuria |
| | B) | Blood pressure |
| | C) | Immunologically induced glomerular damage |
| | D) | Both A and B |
| | E) | All A, B, and C |
|
|
5 | | Intravascular thrombosis is a common and serious complication of nephrotic syndrome associated with which of the following glomerular disease? |
| | A) | Minimal-change nephropathy |
| | B) | Focal segmental glomerulonephritis |
| | C) | Membranous nephropathy |
| | D) | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy |
| | E) | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
6 | | Which of the following glomerulonephritis is more commonly seen in pediatric patients? |
| | A) | Minimal-change nephropathy |
| | B) | Focal segmental glomerulonephritis |
| | C) | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy |
| | D) | Membranous nephropathy |
| | E) | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
7 | | Which of the following agent is known to be most effective in inducing remission in patients with recently diagnosed minimal-change nephropathy? |
| | A) | Steroid |
| | B) | Cyclosporine |
| | C) | Azathioprine |
| | D) | Cyclophosphamide |
| | E) | Levamisole |
|
|
8 | | Which of the following agent is often effective in inducing remission in patients with minimal-change nephropathy who experience relapse? |
| | A) | Steroid |
| | B) | Cyclosporine |
| | C) | Azathioprine |
| | D) | Cyclophosphamide |
| | E) | Levamisole |
|
|
9 | | Which of the following is not correct regarding the use of cyclosporine for the treatment of minimal-change nephropathy? |
| | A) | Cyclosporine may reduce lymphokine production by activated T lymphocytes |
| | B) | Cyclosporine may improve the permselectivity of GBM |
| | C) | Cyclosporine is often effective in preventing relapse |
| | D) | Cyclosporine is often effective in inducing remission during relapse |
| | E) | Cyclosporine is useful for patients who are steroid dependent |
|
|
10 | | Compared with minimal-change nephropathy, patients with focal segmental glomerulonephritis are: |
| | A) | More likely to be adults |
| | B) | Less responsive to steroid treatment |
| | C) | More likely to develop progressive renal failure |
| | D) | Only A and B above are correct |
| | E) | All A, B, and C above are correct |
|
|
11 | | In patients with mild focal segmental glomerulonephritis, which of the following is (are) commonly used? |
| | A) | ACE inhibitors |
| | B) | Angiotensin II receptor blockers |
| | C) | Immunosuppressive agents |
| | D) | Both A and/or B can be used |
| | E) | All A, B, and C are necessary to induce remission |
|
|
12 | | Fish oil may be beneficial in certain patients with which of the following types of glomerulonephritis? |
| | A) | Minimal-change nephropathy |
| | B) | Focal segmental glomerulonephritis |
| | C) | Immunoglobulin A nephropathy |
| | D) | Membranous nephropathy |
| | E) | Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
13 | | Which of the following is correct with respect to treatment for membranous nephropathy? |
| | A) | Spontaneous remission is common, and steroid treatment alone is commonly used to reduce proteinuria and progression of disease |
| | B) | Spontaneous remission is common, and steroid treatment alone is not effective in reducing proteinuria and progression of disease |
| | C) | Spontaneous remission is unlikely, and steroid treatment is needed to reduce proteinuria and progression of disease |
| | D) | Spontaneous remission is unlikely, and steroid treatment alone is not effective in reducing proteinuria and progression of disease |
| | E) | Steroid and cytotoxic agents are commonly needed to induce remission |
|
|
14 | | A patient with IgA nephropathy who has normal renal function, isolated micro-hematuria, and proteinuria less than 1 g/day should be: |
| | A) | Observed closely without specific treatment |
| | B) | Given fish oil |
| | C) | Given steroid treatment |
| | D) | Given cytotoxic agents |
| | E) | Given cyclosporine |
|
|
15 | | Which of the following is not normally considered when selecting the optimal treatment for patients with lupus nephritis? |
| | A) | Type of underlying lesion |
| | B) | Disease activity according to pathologic findings |
| | C) | Severity of symptoms |
| | D) | Duration of symptoms |
| | E) | All of the above are commonly considered |
|
|
16 | | Which of the following is frequently used for chronic maintenance treatment of lupus nephritis? |
| | A) | Steroid |
| | B) | Cytotoxic agent |
| | C) | Cyclosporine |
| | D) | Mycophenolate mofetil |
| | E) | Fish oil |
|
|
17 | | Monoclonal antibodies has been evaluated for the treatment of which of the following glomerular disease? |
| | A) | Minimal-change nephropathy |
| | B) | Focal segmental glomerulonephritis |
| | C) | IgA nephropathy |
| | D) | Lupus nephritis |
| | E) | Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
|
|
18 | | The presence of crescents in glomeruli of patients with rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis (RPGN) indicates: |
| | A) | Severe disease requiring early aggressive therapy |
| | B) | Type I RPGN |
| | C) | Type II RPGN |
| | D) | Type III RPGN |
| | E) | The need for close observation but no specific treatment |
|
|
19 | | Which of the following is (are) known to cause glomerulonephritis? |
| | A) | Group A streptococci |
| | B) | Hepatitis C virus |
| | C) | HIV |
| | D) | Parasites |
| | E) | All of the above |
|
|
20 | | Antibiotic treatment after poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis may: |
| | A) | Prevent subsequent poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis |
| | B) | Reduce severity of disease |
| | C) | Prevent the spread of infection to family members |
| | D) | Both B and C |
| | E) | Both A and C |
|