 |
1 | |
In the absence of a complicating bacterial infection, which of the following is the most appropriate approach to treating acute bronchitis? |
| | A) | Prescribing broad spectrum antibiotics |
| | B) | Routinely recommending nonprescription cough and cold preparations. |
| | C) | Providing symptomatic and supportive care |
| | D) | Discouraging hydration and bed rest |
|
|
2 | |
Which of the following is true regarding chronic bronchitis? |
| | A) | The majority of patients who suffer from chronic bronchitis have a negative smoking history. |
| | B) | N-Acetylcysteine should be routinely prescribed to treat associated bronchospasm. |
| | C) | Given the low incidence of bacterial resistance, broad spectrum antibiotics are rarely employed. |
| | D) | During acute exacerbations, the use of systemic corticosteroids may be warranted. |
|
|
3 | |
Which of the following is the most common cause of bronchiolitis? |
| | A) | Respiratory syncytial virus |
| | B) | Parainfluenza virus |
| | C) | Mycoplasma |
| | D) | Adenovirus |
|
|
4 | |
Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of bronchiolitis? |
| | A) | The routine use of systemic corticosteroids should be encouraged. |
| | B) | The use of aerosolized albuterol is associated with significant improvement in a majority of patients. |
| | C) | Due to its clinical efficacy, ribavirin should be routinely prescribed. |
| | D) | Generous amounts of fluids should be provided. |
|
|
5 | |
Community-acquired pneumonia is most commonly associated with |
| | A) | Staphylococcus aureus |
| | B) | Listeria monocytogenes |
| | C) | Legionella species |
| | D) | Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
6 | |
Which of the following would be the most appropriate choice as empiric therapy for hospital-acquired pneumonia? |
| | A) | Amoxicillin |
| | B) | Clindamycin |
| | C) | Piperacillin/tazobactam |
| | D) | Erythromycin |
|
|
7 | |
Which of the following pathogens should be highly considered when prescribing empiric antimicrobial therapy to a newborn? |
| | A) | Mycoplasma |
| | B) | Group A Streptococcus |
| | C) | Group B Streptococcus |
| | D) | Pseudomonas |
|
|
8 | |
It is important to identify patients likely to have healthcare-associated pneumonia because |
| | A) | Empiric therapy is very different compared to hospital-acquired pneumonia. |
| | B) | These patients are more likely to receive inappropriate therapy and have a higher risk of mortality. |
| | C) | These patients will not require hospitalization. |
| | D) | Broad-spectrum antibiotics are not routinely recommended for empiric therapy since MDR pathogens are unlikely. |
|
|
9 | |
Which of the following would be the most appropriate therapy for the treatment of Mycoplasma pneumonia for a patient with compliance issues and currently receiving theophylline? |
| | A) | Erythromycin |
| | B) | Azithromycin |
| | C) | Clindamycin |
| | D) | Clarithromycin |
|
|
10 | |
Which of the following would be the most preferred antimicrobial agents in the treatment of aspiration pneumonia for a hospitalized patient? |
| | A) | Clindamycin and gentamicin |
| | B) | Gentamicin and oxacillin |
| | C) | Tobramycin and oxacillin |
| | D) | Tobramycin and erythromycin |
|
|
11 | |
Which of the following is true regarding avian influenza? |
| | A) | Respiratory distress and clotting abnormalities manifest gradually |
| | B) | Typical signs and symptoms include conjunctivitis, fever, and rhinitis |
| | C) | Oxygen therapy is rarely warranted |
| | D) | Due to potential resistance, amantadine remains the drug of choice |
|
|
12 | |
Which of the following concerning viral pneumonias is correct? |
| | A) | With the exception of immunocompromised patients, viruses are a major cause of pneumonia in adult patients. |
| | B) | Influenza virus, type B, is the most common isolate in the adult population. |
| | C) | RSV, parainfluenza, and adenoviruses are common causes of pneumonia in children. |
| | D) | With the availability of tissue cultures, the virus is often identified within 24 hours. |
|
|
13 | |
Which of the following is true regarding hospital-acquired pneumonias? |
| | A) | Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacilli are rarely associated with hospital-acquired pneumonia. |
| | B) | Broad-spectrum antibiotics should be withheld until microbiological cultures are available. |
| | C) | Diagnosis is often difficult due to underlying lung pathology of intensively ill patients. |
| | D) | As a preventative measure, the use of histamine receptor antagonists should be encouraged. |
|
|
14 | |
Which of the following would be most appropriate for the empiric treatment of pneumonia, where Pseudomonas is a concern? |
| | A) | Azithromycin plus doxycycline |
| | B) | Cefotaxime plus clindamycin |
| | C) | Amoxicillin/clavulanate plus levofloxacin |
| | D) | Piperacillin/tazobactam plus ciprofloxacin |
|
|
15 | |
Acute tracheobronchitis is most commonly associated with which of the following pathogens? |
| | A) | Pseudomonas |
| | B) | Klebsiella |
| | C) | A virus |
| | D) | Haemophilus influenzae |
|