 |
1 | |
An organelle:
|
| | A) | is a compartment, particle, or filament that performs specialized functions within the cell.
|
| | B) | is a subcategory of smaller organs in the body that function to supply the needs of the larger organs.
|
| | C) | the little sac-like structures found in the lungs at the end of the respiratory bronchiole.
|
| | D) | the small duct found within the villus of the small intestine that functions to absorb dietary fat.
|
|
|
2 | |
The significance of the cell membrane is that:
|
| | A) | the cell membrane holds the cellular contents.
|
| | B) | the cell membrane regulates the direction and flow of substances into and out of the cell.
|
| | C) | the cell membrane is the means for cell-to-cell communication.
|
| | D) | all of the above
|
|
|
3 | |
All of the following substances would be moved across the cell membrane by diffusion except:
|
| | A) | oxygen.
|
| | B) | carbon dioxide.
|
| | C) | sodium.
|
| | D) | cholesterol.
|
|
|
4 | |
Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body?
|
| | A) | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous
|
| | B) | cells, organelles, phospholipid bilayer, lacteals
|
| | C) | cells, tissues, organ systems
|
| | D) | cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell nucleus, lysozomes
|
|
|
5 | |
Which of the following systems functions to protect, regulate temperature, prevent water loss, and produce a substance that converts to vitamin D?
|
| | A) | integumentary system
|
| | B) | endocrine system
|
| | C) | lymphatic system
|
| | D) | urinary system
|
|
|
6 | |
Oxygen and nutrients leave the capillaries and move into which of the following fluids where they are delivered to the cells?
|
| | A) | Plasma
|
| | B) | Lymph
|
| | C) | Mucus
|
| | D) | Extracellular
|
|
|
7 | |
These cells are very sensitive indicators of the body's nutritional status:
|
| | A) | immune system cells
|
| | B) | skeletal system cells
|
| | C) | glial cells
|
| | D) | cholecystokinin
|
|
|
8 | |
Which vitamin plays a key role in the formation of myelin which is a lipoprotein that wraps around nerve fibers, acting like insulating material?
|
| | A) | Vitamin A
|
| | B) | Vitamin C
|
| | C) | Vitamin B-12
|
| | D) | Vitamin E
|
|
|
9 | |
The basic structural and functional unit of the nervous system is the:
|
| | A) | axon terminal.
|
| | B) | neuron.
|
| | C) | neurotransmitter.
|
| | D) | serotonin.
|
|
|
10 | |
The six types of taste are:
|
| | A) | sweet, sour, salty, bitter, umami, and water.
|
| | B) | sweet, spicy, salty, bitter, greasy, and dry.
|
| | C) | sweet, spicy, salty, hot, cold, and umami.
|
| | D) | sweet, caffeine, acidic, grassy, fruity, and sour.
|
|
|
11 | |
As each bolus collects in the stomach, which of the following processes are initiated?
|
| | A) | Protein digestion
|
| | B) | Sterilization of the food
|
| | C) | Formation of chyme
|
| | D) | All of the above
|
|
|
12 | |
The function of mucus in the stomach is to:
|
| | A) | neutralize stomach acid.
|
| | B) | activate pepsinogen to form pepsin.
|
| | C) | protect stomach cells from autodigestion.
|
| | D) | emulsify fats.
|
|
|
13 | |
Most digestion and absorption takes place in the:
|
| | A) | stomach.
|
| | B) | small intestine.
|
| | C) | pancreas.
|
| | D) | large intestine.
|
|
|
14 | |
Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles?
|
| | A) | Breaks apart food particles
|
| | B) | Controls passage of food through the GI tract
|
| | C) | Controls peristalsis
|
| | D) | Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract
|
|
|
15 | |
The liver is the first stop for most absorbed nutrients because it:
|
| | A) | lies so close to the intestine.
|
| | B) | controls blood flow to the heart.
|
| | C) | is the end point for the portal vein.
|
| | D) | must respond by making the correct amount of insulin.
|
|
|
16 | |
The digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by:
|
| | A) | lipase.
|
| | B) | pepsin.
|
| | C) | saliva.
|
| | D) | bacteria.
|
|
|
17 | |
The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is replaced completely about every 2 to 5 days:
|
| | A) | to remove excess goblet cells that form when the diet is high in fat.
|
| | B) | to break down the cells so the intestinal lining doesn't get too thick and thus prevent absorption of the nutrients.
|
| | C) | due to incredible wear and tear on the lining of the GI tract.
|
| | D) | since high fiber diets literally rub cells off of the intestinal lining when the dietary fiber passes through the GI tract.
|
|
|
18 | |
The gnawing pain in the upper chest that is caused by acid flowing back into the esophagus from the stomach is called:
|
| | A) | lactose intolerance.
|
| | B) | ulcer.
|
| | C) | hemorrhoids.
|
| | D) | heartburn.
|
|
|
19 | |
A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to:
|
| | A) | use a laxative when needed.
|
| | B) | cut down on water intake.
|
| | C) | include more high-fiber foods in the diet.
|
| | D) | include fewer high-fiber foods in the diet.
|
|
|
20 | |
The compound in the cell that is used to store genetic information is: |
| | A) | RNA. |
| | B) | glycogen. |
| | C) | chromosomes. |
| | D) | genes. |
|
|
21 | |
A disease with strong genetic linkage is:
|
| | A) | cardiovascular disease.
|
| | B) | diabetes.
|
| | C) | cancer.
|
| | D) | all of the above
|
|
|
22 | |
A chief waste product of the urinary system is:
|
| | A) | urea.
|
| | B) | protein.
|
| | C) | amino acids.
|
| | D) | fatty acids.
|
|
|
23 | |
Fat storage primarily take place in:
|
| | A) | gastrointestinal cells.
|
| | B) | muscle cells
|
| | C) | endocrine cells.
|
| | D) | adipose cells.
|
|
|
24 | |
Typical treatment for heartburn includes:
|
| | A) | waiting 2 hours before lying down after a meal.
|
| | B) | not overeating.
|
| | C) | stopping smoking.
|
| | D) | all of the above.
|
|
|
25 | |
When evaluating of family for disease risk, special attention should be given to diseases that appear before the age of:
|
| | A) | 10 to 20 years.
|
| | B) | 30 to 40 years.
|
| | C) | 50 to 60 years.
|
| | D) | 70 to 80 years.
|
|