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Human Biology, 7/e
Dr. Sylvia S. Mader

Chemistry of Life

Multiple Choice



1

The smallest unit to enter a chemical reaction is a(n) ____. (p. 16)
A)atom
B)molecule
C)compound
D)substance
2

The atomic weight of an atom is determined by the number of ______ . (p. 17)
A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)protons and neutrons
3

The inner shell of any atom can contain up to ______ electrons. (p. 17)
A)two
B)four
C)six
D)eight
4

Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of ______ . (p. 17)
A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)both protons and electrons
5

The formation of ______ bonds involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another nearby atom. (pp. 18-19)
A)covalent
B)ionic
C)hydrogen
D)all of the above
6

The biologically important properties of water are due to what attributes of water? (p. 21)
A)polarity
B)hydrogen bonding
C)its tendency to freeze solid
D)both polarity and hydrogen bonding
7

Acids dissociate in water and release ______ . (p. 23)
A)hydroxide ions
B)hydrogen ions
C)chloride ions
D)hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions
8

Which of the following statements is true about buffers? (p. 24)
A)They take up excess hydrogen ions and raise the pH.
B)They take up excess hydroxide ions and lower the pH.
C)They either take up excess hydrogen or hydroxide ions, keeping the pH relatively constant.
9

The backbone of organic molecules is made up of ______ . (p. 26)
A)oxygen chains
B)carbon chains
C)nitrogen chains
D)hydrogen chains
10

Polymers are ______ . (pp. 26-27)
A)chains of monomers
B)formed by condensation synthesis
C)broken down by hydrolysis
D)all of these
11

Sugars with only one unit (monomer) are called ______ . (p. 27)
A)monosaccharides
B)disaccharides
C)trisaccharides
D)starch
12

A polysaccharide, such as starch, glycogen, or cellulose, is a carbohydrate that contains a large number of ______ . (p. 28)
A)peptide units
B)monosaccharides
C)amino acids
D)fatty acids
13

A typical fat molecule consists of ______ . (p. 29)
A)glycerol
B)fatty acids
C)glycogen
D)glycerol and fatty acids
14

Organic compounds that speed up chemical reactions are called ____. (p. 31)
A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)enzymes
D)nucleotides
15

The monomers of proteins are the ______ . (p. 31)
A)amines
B)peptides
C)polypeptides
D)amino acids
16

Amino acids differ from one another by their ______ . (p. 31)
A)amino groups
B)acid groups
C)R groups
17

The covalent bond that joins two amino acids in a protein is called a(n) _____. (p. 32)
A)hydrogen bond
B)peptide bond
C)carbohydrate bond
D)alpha linkage bond
18

The primary structure of a protein refers to its ______ . (p. 32)
A)three-dimensional shape
B)order of amino acids
C)order of nucleic acids
D)orientation of the amino acids
19

Which of the following statements is true about RNA? (p. 35)
A)RNA has the ability to replicate.
B)RNA is involved with protein synthesis.
C)RNA controls DNA.
D)RNA has the ability to replicate and controls DNA.
20

Each nucleotide contains a ______ . (p. 35)
A)phosphate group
B)sugar
C)nitrogenous base
D)phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base
21

ATP, a special type of nucleotide, functions as ______ . (p. 36)
A)a buffer
B)an enzyme
C)the energy carrier in cells
D)hereditary material in the cell