| Active listeners | people who focus on the moment, are aware of interactions as they unfold, and respond appropriately, and are aware of distractions.
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| Ambient sounds | background noise in a particular context, such as the clatter of plates and murmur of people talking in a busy restaurant.
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| Ambushing | a barrier to listening by which listeners seek ways to respond to or attack the speaker.
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| Appreciation | the goal of listening for pleasure or enjoyment.
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| Attending | the first stage in the listening process involves making the conscious choice to listen.
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| Cognitive dissonance | the uncomfortable tension listeners experience when two ideas, concepts, or things that they believe, value, or do are related but contradictory.
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| Coherence | the standard of evaluating narratives that asks whether a story makes sense based on the details, order of events, credibility of the storyteller, behaviors of the characters, and comparisons with similar accounts.
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| Comprehension | the goal of listening for understanding.
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| Empathetic listening | establishes common ground between people by acknowledging the legitimacy of feelings and giving support to others.
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| Empathetic echo | a listening or response technique that paraphrases or repeats a message.
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| Evaluation | the goal of listening to render an opinion or judgment.
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| Expressive communication | verbally acknowledging how others feel and sharing experiences.
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| Fidelity | the standard of evaluating narratives that refers to the truthfulness of a story based on the facts and relevance to personal experience or values.
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| Hearing | the act of perceiving sounds or other related stimuli.
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| Imaginary audience syndrome | tendency of teenage girls to think that other people are preoccupied with their appearance and behaviors.
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| Indifference | a lack of interest in listening.
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| Inference | a conclusion, projection, or interpretation based on facts.
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| Interpreting | the second stage in the listening process involves giving meaning to sounds or related stimuli.
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| Instrumental communication | listening or responding to help others solve problems or accomplish goals.
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| Listening | the process of perceiving, constructing meaning from, and responding to spoken or nonverbal messages.
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| Message overload | occurs when communicators are overwhelmed with the number of messages; communicators who experience overload stop attending to or comprehending some or most of the messages they perceive.
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| Mundane | ordinary, routine, or unexceptional.
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| Remembering | the final stage in the listening process involves the retention and recall of the messages.
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| Responding | the third stage in the listening process involves any discernable reaction including both verbal and nonverbal feedback.
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| Semantic noise | a barrier to listening triggered by a particular word or phrase used by a speaker.
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| Sympathy | showing compassion for another person's feelings or situation.
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| Toxic noise | excessive environmental sound that distracts or pollutes the quality of life.
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| Urban legend | an outrageous story that circulates in the tabloid press or on the Internet, such as stories of travelers who enjoy a drink in a lounge and awaken to find that their kidneys have been removed by criminal organ harvesters.
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| Paraphrasing | listeners summarize messages in their own words.
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| Passive listeners | people who expend little or no energy in the listening process.
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| Pseudolistening | pretending to listen.
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