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1 | |
The fossil record suggests that the "typical" mammalian species has a duration of about |
| | A) | 150 thousand years from formation of the species to its extinction. |
| | B) | 150 million years from formation of the species to its extinction. |
| | C) | 200 thousand years from formation of the species to its extinction. |
| | D) | 200 million years from formation of the species to its extinction. |
| | E) | 2 billion years from formation of the species to its extinction. |
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2 | |
Populations that are _________ are likely to undergo rapid evolution. |
| | A) | small and isolated |
| | B) | small but only partially isolated from the parent population |
| | C) | made of diploid plant species |
| | D) | large and under diverse selective pressures |
| | E) | large and isolated from other similar species |
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3 | |
Darwin's examinations of fossils relied on ________ dating to determine the evolution of species. |
| | A) | absolute |
| | B) | carbon |
| | C) | use of a variety of radioactive isotopes |
| | D) | relative |
| | E) | none of the above |
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4 | |
If evolutionary theory is correct every evolutionary change involves the substitution of new versions of genes for old ones. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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5 | |
When examining the evidence provided by a molecular clock, such as cytochrome c, more changes in the nucleotide sequences between two organisms means they are less closely related. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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6 | |
Allele: |
| | A) | the less common of two alleles in a population |
| | B) | alternate versions of a gene |
| | C) | the sum of all variants in a population |
| | D) | The more common of two alleles in a population. |
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7 | |
p: |
| | A) | the less common of two alleles in a population |
| | B) | alternate versions of a gene |
| | C) | the sum of all variants in a population |
| | D) | The more common of two alleles in a population. |
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8 | |
q: |
| | A) | the less common of two alleles in a population |
| | B) | alternate versions of a gene |
| | C) | the sum of all variants in a population |
| | D) | The more common of two alleles in a population. |
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9 | |
1: |
| | A) | the less common of two alleles in a population |
| | B) | alternate versions of a gene |
| | C) | the sum of all variants in a population |
| | D) | The more common of two alleles in a population. |
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10 | |
Artificial selection: |
| | A) | breeding the "best to the best" |
| | B) | this alone does not have much effect on allele frequency |
| | C) | most organisms in a population are killed in a flood |
| | D) | the founder effect |
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11 | |
Bottleneck effect: |
| | A) | breeding the "best to the best" |
| | B) | this alone does not have much effect on allele frequency |
| | C) | most organisms in a population are killed in a flood |
| | D) | the founder effect |
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12 | |
Genetic drift: |
| | A) | breeding the "best to the best" |
| | B) | this alone does not have much effect on allele frequency |
| | C) | Most organisms in a population are killed in a flood |
| | D) | The founder effect |
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13 | |
Mutation: |
| | A) | breeding the "best to the best" |
| | B) | this alone does not have much effect on allele frequency |
| | C) | Most organisms in a population are killed in a flood |
| | D) | The founder effect |
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14 | |
People who are homozygous for sickle-cell anemia are less susceptible to malaria. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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15 | |
The gene for cystic fibrosis may play a role in resistance to typhoid fever. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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16 | |
German shepherds and poodles are able to mate and produce viable fertile offspring (strange looking though they might be!) so they must be |
| | A) | members of two closely related but similar species. |
| | B) | members of different species. |
| | C) | genetically compatible members of the same subspecies. |
| | D) | members of the same species. |
| | E) | members of the same ecological race. |
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17 | |
Which of the following plays a role in speciation? |
| | A) | lack of phenotypic variants in a population |
| | B) | natural selection reinforcing differences between two races |
| | C) | geographic isolation of organisms that were once in the same population |
| | D) | the ability of organisms to interbreed with other members of the population |
| | E) | Both b and c |
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18 | |
The males of two species of birds use different mating dances to attract their mates. This is an example of_____________ isolation. |
| | A) | postzygotic |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | ecological |
| | D) | hybrid incompatibility |
| | E) | hybrid breakdown |
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19 | |
One species of snake lives exclusively in the water while another species of snake inhabits trees. This is an example of __________ isolation. |
| | A) | postzygotic |
| | B) | behavioral |
| | C) | ecological |
| | D) | hybrid incompatibility |
| | E) | hybrid breakdown |
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20 | |
Mechanical isolation: |
| | A) | hybrid breakdown |
| | B) | differences in flower structure prevent pollen transfer |
| | C) | mating occurs in different seasons |
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21 | |
Viable but sterile offspring: |
| | A) | hybrid breakdown |
| | B) | differences in flower structure prevent pollen transfer |
| | C) | mating occurs in different seasons |
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22 | |
Temporal isolation: |
| | A) | hybrid breakdown |
| | B) | differences in flower structure prevent pollen transfer |
| | C) | mating occurs in different seasons |
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23 | |
Molecular clocks measure |
| | A) | differences in nucleotide sequences between different species. |
| | B) | the age of fossils more than 150 million years old. |
| | C) | the half-life of potassium-16. |
| | D) | both a and b |
| | E) | both b and c |
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24 | |
After examining the evidence related to the evolution of hemoglobin you might conclude that |
| | A) | lamprey globin evolved prior to insect globin. |
| | B) | plant globins evolved from an entirely different type of gene than did human hemoglobin. |
| | C) | it is strong evidence that modern organisms evolved from simpler forms. |
| | D) | fish are more closely related to whales than they are to kangaroos. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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25 | |
Insect wings and the wings of bats are |
| | A) | analogous structures. |
| | B) | homologous structures. |
| | C) | simple structures. |
| | D) | structurally similar. |
| | E) | the result of microevolution |
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26 | |
In the year 2317, a group of 507 pioneers colonize Mars. The incredible distance between Mars and Earth excludes the possibility of new members joining the colony. This situation is an example of |
| | A) | genetic drift. |
| | B) | mutation. |
| | C) | the founder effect. |
| | D) | artificial selection. |
| | E) | outcrossing. |
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27 | |
Which of the following conditions are necessary for the Hardy-Weinberg theorem to be valid? |
| | A) | The population being examined must be small and have a limited gene pool. |
| | B) | New alleles must be added to the population on a regular basis. |
| | C) | All of the individuals in the population must be heterozygous for all traits. |
| | D) | Natural selection is acting on the population. |
| | E) | Random mating is occurring within the population. |
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28 | |
Much of the soil in Sedona, Arizona, is brick red in color. Several birds and small mammals living in that area include ants in their diet. Although both black and red ants live there, red ants are much more common. This might be due to |
| | A) | directional selection. |
| | B) | stabilizing selection. |
| | C) | disruptive selection. |
| | D) | outcrossing. |
| | E) | heterozygote advantage. |
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29 | |
Two species of birds that do not mate because they respond to different mating dances are separated by |
| | A) | geographical isolation. |
| | B) | a prezygotic isolating mechanism. |
| | C) | behavioral isolation. |
| | D) | a postzygotic isolating mechanism. |
| | E) | both b and c |
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30 | |
Profound changes, such as major episodes of extinction are an example of |
| | A) | punctuated equilibrium. |
| | B) | macroevolution. |
| | C) | microevolution. |
| | D) | selective stabilization. |
| | E) | directional stabilization. |
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31 | |
If the punctuated equilibrium model is correct then |
| | A) | many evolutionary changes occur in a short period of time which are followed by periods of little evolutionary change. |
| | B) | only eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic species are subject to natural selection. |
| | C) | Darwin's finches evolved by this mechanism. |
| | D) | evolution proceeds with gradual, successive changes in a given evolutionary line. |
| | E) | it is responsible for the many races of humans existing on our planet today. |
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32 | |
Although there are gaps in the fossil record |
| | A) | the evolution of prokaryotes is clearly outlined. |
| | B) | it provides a clear record of continuous evolutionary change. |
| | C) | it is not accepted as proof of evolution by modern scientists. |
| | D) | most mammalian species are clearly shown to have evolved from fungal-like eukaryotic organisms. |
| | E) | none of the above are true |
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33 | |
The embryos of numerous vertebrate animals |
| | A) | develop at remarkably similar rates. |
| | B) | are exactly alike until the 13th week of development. |
| | C) | share many primitive features early in their development. |
| | D) | provided much of the evidence for Darwin's argument in favor of evolution. |
| | E) | both a and b are true |
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34 | |
In cats, if B represents black and is dominant and b represents tan and is recessive what are the chances of tan kittens being produced by mating a BB cat to a Bb cat? |
| | A) | 0% |
| | B) | 25% |
| | C) | 50% |
| | D) | 75% |
| | E) | 100% |
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35 | |
In cats, if B represents black and is dominant and b represents tan and is recessive what are the chances of black kittens being produced by mating a BB cat to a Bb cat? |
| | A) | 0% |
| | B) | 25% |
| | C) | 50% |
| | D) | 75% |
| | E) | 100% |
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36 | |
Genetic drift |
| | A) | has a significant effect on large, diverse populations. |
| | B) | only plays a role in the evolution of animals. |
| | C) | usually only occurs in small populations. |
| | D) | is the ultimate source of variation. |
| | E) | is the result of profound mutation. |
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37 | |
When disruptive selection occurs in a population individuals |
| | A) | in the middle range of the phenotype become more common. |
| | B) | in the middle range of the phenotype always become extinct. |
| | C) | in the middle range of the phenotype are selected against. |
| | D) | with an extreme form of the phenotype further diversify. |
| | E) | tend to migrate to a new location. |
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