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1 | |
Fungi are autotrophs that are closely related to plants. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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2 | |
Molds consist of long chains of cells called mycelia and the wall dividing one cell from another are septa. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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3 | |
Fungal cell walls contain the complex polysaccharide, chitin. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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4 | |
Most fungi obtain their nutrients by |
| | A) | producing enzymes which are secreted to their environment and digest the nutrients. |
| | B) | absorbing their nutrients. |
| | C) | digesting them inside a specialized compartment inside the organism. |
| | D) | photosynthesis. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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5 | |
Oyster mushrooms depend on _________ as a source of food. |
| | A) | photosynthesis |
| | B) | nematodes |
| | C) | ingestion of plant material |
| | D) | a symbiotic species of ant |
| | E) | none of the above |
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6 | |
Ascomycota: |
| | A) | Many species may have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. |
| | B) | The greatest diversity of fungal species are classified in this phylum. |
| | C) | Spores produced on club-shaped structures. |
| | D) | Hyphae lack septa. |
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7 | |
Imperfect fungi: |
| | A) | Many species may have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. |
| | B) | The greatest diversity of fungal species are classified in this phylum. |
| | C) | Spores produced on club-shaped structures. |
| | D) | Hyphae lack septa. |
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8 | |
Basidiomycota: |
| | A) | Many species may have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. |
| | B) | The greatest diversity of fungal species are classified in this phylum. |
| | C) | Spores produced on club-shaped structures. |
| | D) | Hyphae lack septa. |
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9 | |
Zygomycota: |
| | A) | Many species may have lost the ability to reproduce sexually. |
| | B) | The greatest diversity of fungal species are classified in this phylum. |
| | C) | Spores produced on club-shaped structures. |
| | D) | Hyphae lack septa. |
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10 | |
Dikaryotic hypha contain nuclei from two different individuals that always remain unfused. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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11 | |
While many mushroom are delicious treats, some, such as Agaricus, are toxic and cause death if consumed. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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12 | |
Mycorrhizae assist the growth of plants by absorbing nutrients from the soil. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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13 | |
Ectomycorrhizae wrap around the roots of plants rather than penetrating them. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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14 | |
The evolution of multicellularity |
| | A) | was necessary to overcome surface-to-volume problems that larger cells would have encountered. |
| | B) | was an advantage in avoiding prokaryotic predators. |
| | C) | allowed organisms to more efficiently utilize oxygen. |
| | D) | occurred prior to the evolution of plants. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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15 | |
Which of the following represents an aggregation? |
| | A) | Kelp |
| | B) | Hydra |
| | C) | Volvox |
| | D) | Cellular slime mold |
| | E) | Lichen |
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16 | |
The green algae were once classified as plants but now are in the kingdom Protista. Why is this? |
| | A) | The green algae have several animal-like characteristics. |
| | B) | The green algae are mostly aquatic and are simpler than the plants. |
| | C) | Although the green algae have photosynthetic pigments, they lack chloroplasts. |
| | D) | The green algae tend to form colonies. |
| | E) | The green algae represent a separate evolutionary line. |
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17 | |
While walking through the woods in New England, you notice a crusty material on several of the rocks. You observe a slice of the material with a light microscope and notice long filamentous strands of cells, many of which surround round nucleated cells. What might this be? |
| | A) | a mold |
| | B) | a colony of bacteria |
| | C) | a lichen |
| | D) | an amoeba |
| | E) | a mushroom |
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18 | |
The __________ were probably the ancestors of modern plants. |
| | A) | protozoans such as amoeba |
| | B) | green algae |
| | C) | red algae |
| | D) | cellular slime molds |
| | E) | ciliates |
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19 | |
The fungi probably evolved from |
| | A) | plantlike protists. |
| | B) | the green algae. |
| | C) | the plants. |
| | D) | protozoans. |
| | E) | something unknown at this time. |
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20 | |
A person who studies fungi is called a(n)__________. |
| | A) | ornithologist. |
| | B) | symbiosis scientist. |
| | C) | mycologist. |
| | D) | botanist. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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21 | |
A characteristic that is unique to the fungi is |
| | A) | nuclear mitosis. |
| | B) | binary fission. |
| | C) | the presence of chitin. |
| | D) | absorption of nutrients. |
| | E) | the presence of cellulose. |
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22 | |
A heterokaryon is |
| | A) | any heterozygous organism. |
| | B) | an asexual spore produced by members of the phylum Basidiomycota. |
| | C) | a fungal cell containing genetically different nuclei. |
| | D) | a diploid, nonseed plant. |
| | E) | not viable under most circumstances. |
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23 | |
Fungi obtain their nutrients by |
| | A) | photosynthesis. |
| | B) | the ingestion of bacteria and protozoans. |
| | C) | internal digestion. |
| | D) | external digestion. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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24 | |
Most of the fungi that are human pathogens are members of the phylum |
| | A) | Zygomycota. |
| | B) | Ascomycota |
| | C) | Basidiomycota |
| | D) | Fungi imperfecti. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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25 | |
Which of the following fungi do not produce a heterokaryon upon fusion of hyphae of different mating strains? |
| | A) | Zygomycetes |
| | B) | Ascomycetes |
| | C) | Basidiomycetes |
| | D) | Fungi imperfecti |
| | E) | Yeasts |
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26 | |
Some members of this phylum are important agricultural pests while others are delicious. |
| | A) | Zygomycetes |
| | B) | Ascomycetes |
| | C) | Basidiomycetes |
| | D) | Fungi imperfecti |
| | E) | Yeasts |
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27 | |
The antibiotic penicillin is produced by a species in the phylum |
| | A) | Zygomycetes |
| | B) | Ascomycetes |
| | C) | Basidiomycetes |
| | D) | Fungi imperfecti |
| | E) | Yeasts |
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28 | |
A fungus that has septa and that usually reproduces asexually is a member of phylum |
| | A) | Zygomycetes |
| | B) | Ascomycetes |
| | C) | Basidiomycetes |
| | D) | Fungi imperfecti |
| | E) | Yeasts |
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29 | |
An ascus is |
| | A) | an asexual spore produced by members of Basidiomycota. |
| | B) | a sexual spore produced by yeasts when environmental conditions are adverse. |
| | C) | a structure in which the zygote forms in members of phylum Ascomycota. |
| | D) | the result of a nutritional deficiency. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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30 | |
The holes in septa function to |
| | A) | allow the fungus to absorb nutrients. |
| | B) | allow for cell-to-cell communication. |
| | C) | produce asexual spores. |
| | D) | allow for sexual reproduction. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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31 | |
In lichens the fungal partner provides |
| | A) | protection to the photosynthetic partner from the environment. |
| | B) | carbohydrates to be used for nutrition. |
| | C) | minerals and other nutrients. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | both a and c |
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32 | |
Approximately __________ species of __________ are involved in all endomycorrhizae worldwide. |
| | A) | 30, zygomycetes |
| | B) | 300, ascomycetes |
| | C) | 3,000, basidiomycetes |
| | D) | 30,000 Fungi imperfecti |
| | E) | none of the above |
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