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1 | |
Hemolymph is |
| | A) | a fluid containing red blood cells that is characteristic of amphibians. |
| | B) | fluid found in insects consisting of blood and interstitial fluid. |
| | C) | the interstitial fluid of mammals. |
| | D) | a lighter weight fluid characteristic of many bird groups. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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2 | |
The circulatory system and endocrine system are interrelated in which of the following ways? |
| | A) | The glands of the endocrine system produce and secrete hormones that are delivered to other body sites via the circulatory system. |
| | B) | The temperature of blood regulates the rate at which many endocrine glands produce hormones. |
| | C) | Hormones produced by the endocrine system are absorbed by lymphocytes and delivered to other body sites. |
| | D) | Hormones produced by the endocrine system control the activities of blood cells. |
| | E) | The circulatory system is a part of the endocrine system. |
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3 | |
Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest |
| | A) | capillaries, arteries, arterioles. |
| | B) | capillaries, arterioles, arteries. |
| | C) | arterioles, arteries, capillaries. |
| | D) | arteries, arterioles, capillaries. |
| | E) | arteries, capillaries, arterioles. |
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4 | |
The rate of blood flow in humans is about _________. |
| | A) | 5 pints per minute. |
| | B) | 5 liters per minute. |
| | C) | 5 gallons per minute. |
| | D) | 10 liters per minute. |
| | E) | 10 gallons per minute. |
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5 | |
B-lymphocyte: |
| | A) | inflammation |
| | B) | transports carbon dioxide |
| | C) | produces antibody molecules |
| | D) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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6 | |
Monocyte: |
| | A) | inflammation |
| | B) | transports carbon dioxide |
| | C) | produces antibody molecules |
| | D) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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7 | |
Basophil: |
| | A) | inflammation |
| | B) | transports carbon dioxide |
| | C) | produces antibody molecules |
| | D) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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8 | |
Erythrocyte: |
| | A) | inflammation |
| | B) | transports carbon dioxide |
| | C) | produces antibody molecules |
| | D) | large nucleus, functions in immunity |
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9 | |
In fish, blood flows in which direction? |
| | A) | conus arteriosus, sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle |
| | B) | ventricle, atrium, conus arteriosus, sinus venosus |
| | C) | sinus venosus, atrium, ventricle, conus arteriosus |
| | D) | ventricle, conus arteriosus, atrium, sinus venosus |
| | E) | none of the above |
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10 | |
Purkinje fibers: |
| | A) | Blood leaving atrium passes through this vessel. |
| | B) | Prevents blood from returning to atrium. |
| | C) | Blood passes through this and into the right ventricle. |
| | D) | Initiate contraction of cells in right and left ventricles. |
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11 | |
Aorta: |
| | A) | Blood leaving atrium passes through this vessel. |
| | B) | Prevents blood from returning to atrium. |
| | C) | Blood passes through this and into the right ventricle. |
| | D) | Initiate contraction of cells in right and left ventricles. |
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12 | |
Mitral valve: |
| | A) | Blood leaving atrium passes through this vessel. |
| | B) | Prevents blood from returning to atrium |
| | C) | Blood passes through this and into the right ventricle. |
| | D) | Initiate contraction of cells in right and left ventricles. |
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13 | |
Arteriosclerosis: |
| | A) | hardening of the arteries |
| | B) | interference of blood supply to the brain |
| | C) | chest pain |
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14 | |
Angina pectoris: |
| | A) | hardening of the arteries |
| | B) | interference of blood supply to the brain |
| | C) | chest pain |
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15 | |
Stroke: |
| | A) | hardening of the arteries |
| | B) | interference of blood supply to the brain |
| | C) | chest pain |
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16 | |
Insects obtain oxygen through |
| | A) | tracheae. |
| | B) | gills. |
| | C) | water. |
| | D) | lungs. |
| | E) | book lungs. |
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17 | |
The gills of the bony fishes are considered the most efficient respiratory machines ever evolved because they |
| | A) | require so little oxygen. |
| | B) | use reverse osmosis to extract oxygen from water. |
| | C) | concentrate oxygen so efficiently the blood in gills may have twice the oxygen as the surrounding water. |
| | D) | are able to extract up to 85% of the available oxygen from water. |
| | E) | both a and b are true |
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18 | |
Bird lungs, like the gills of fish, use a countercurrent flow to oxygenate blood. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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19 | |
Air flows through the lungs of birds in one direction, from front to back. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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20 | |
The pleural membrane is |
| | A) | used by fishes to achieve countercurrent flow and oxygenate their blood. |
| | B) | a smooth membrane covering each lung. |
| | C) | what allows birds to achieve such high oxygen concentrations in their blood. |
| | D) | divided into many tiny cavities called bronchi. |
| | E) | only seen in aquatic mammals. |
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21 | |
The thoracic cavity |
| | A) | functions to remove carbon dioxide from the blood in mammals. |
| | B) | is divided into many tiny cavities called bronchi. |
| | C) | is filled with interpleural fluid. |
| | D) | contains the lungs. |
| | E) | is a characteristic of the amphibians. |
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22 | |
Hemoglobin molecules are able to carry |
| | A) | oxygen. |
| | B) | carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | nitric oxide. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | a and c only |
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23 | |
The majority of carbon dioxide is removed from the body by |
| | A) | binding to hemoglobin in red blood cells. |
| | B) | binding to carrier proteins in lymphocytes. |
| | C) | the alveoli. |
| | D) | diffusing from the skin. |
| | E) | dissolving in the cytoplasm of red blood cells. |
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24 | |
Blood leaves the heart through |
| | A) | veins. |
| | B) | capillaries |
| | C) | arteries. |
| | D) | venules. |
| | E) | arterioles. |
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25 | |
Blood moves from capillaries into |
| | A) | veins. |
| | B) | subcapillaries. |
| | C) | arteries. |
| | D) | venules. |
| | E) | arterioles. |
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26 | |
__________ carry blood back to the heart. |
| | A) | Veins |
| | B) | Capillaries |
| | C) | Arteries |
| | D) | Venules |
| | E) | Arterioles |
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27 | |
An important characteristic of an artery is |
| | A) | flexibility. |
| | B) | its radius of about 8 micrometers |
| | C) | its ability to return blood back to the heart. |
| | D) | its affinity for carbon monoxide. |
| | E) | both a and b |
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28 | |
Arterioles differ from arteries in that |
| | A) | they are smaller in diameter. |
| | B) | they are larger in diameter. |
| | C) | hormones can cause the muscle surrounding them to relax and they can enlarge in diameter. |
| | D) | both a and c |
| | E) | both b and c |
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29 | |
The thin walls of capillaries are important because they |
| | A) | allow capillaries to easily change diameter. |
| | B) | allow for the transport of gases and metabolites. |
| | C) | must be flexible to accommodate surges of blood. |
| | D) | must withstand high pressure. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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30 | |
The lymphatic system functions to |
| | A) | filter bacteria and debris from lymph fluid. |
| | B) | remove carbon dioxide from the blood. |
| | C) | add oxygen to the blood. |
| | D) | adjust the water content of plasma. |
| | E) | add bicarbonate to the blood. |
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31 | |
The lymphatic system |
| | A) | transports fats absorbed from the intestine. |
| | B) | returns proteins to circulation. |
| | C) | filters debris from lymph fluid. |
| | D) | destroys debris removed from lymph fluid. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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32 | |
A function of proteins dissolved in blood plasma is to |
| | A) | provide energy to blood cells. |
| | B) | prevent bacteria from surviving in the bloodstream. |
| | C) | prevent the osmotic loss of water from the plasma. |
| | D) | prevent salts from building up in the blood. |
| | E) | maintain a constant pH in the blood. |
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33 | |
Heart contraction is initiated by |
| | A) | the superior vena cava. |
| | B) | Purkinje fibers. |
| | C) | an electrical impulse of the appropriate intensity. |
| | D) | sinoatrial node. |
| | E) | the bundle of His. |
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34 | |
During a routine examination of your elderly dog, the veterinarian tells you that she has a slight heart murmur. A likely cause of the murmur is |
| | A) | the heart valves encountering fat accumulation when they close. |
| | B) | turbulence in the heart caused by valves opening or closing incompletely. |
| | C) | failure of the heart to empty completely. |
| | D) | weakening of the cardiac muscle. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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35 | |
Alveoli are connected to the bronchi by |
| | A) | blood vessels. |
| | B) | connective tissue. |
| | C) | muscle fibers. |
| | D) | the pleural membrane. |
| | E) | bronchioles. |
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36 | |
The effect of carbon dioxide on hemoglobin is that |
| | A) | it causes the hemoglobin to change shape and unload the oxygen it is carrying. |
| | B) | it changes its shape so that hemoglobin can no longer bind to oxygen. |
| | C) | it increases hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen. |
| | D) | hemoglobin is denatured. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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37 | |
Hemoglobin can bind to and transport |
| | A) | oxygen. |
| | B) | carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | nitric oxide. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | a and b only |
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38 | |
In order for lung cancer to be initiated |
| | A) | several thousand genes must be mutated. |
| | B) | only a few critical genes need to be mutated. |
| | C) | lung cells must be exposed to some kind of radiation. |
| | D) | the patient must be in poor health. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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