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1 | | Which of the following is a difference between a food chain and a food web? |
| | A) | Food chains involve only plants, while food webs involve animals. |
| | B) | Food chains involve only plants, while food webs involve both plants and animals. |
| | C) | Food chains involve plants and animals, but food webs involve only animals. |
| | D) | Food chains are linear and food webs are complex. |
| | E) | Food chains include decomposers, but food webs do not. |
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2 | | The carnivores are classified as secondary consumers because they eat |
| | A) | more than one species of herbivore. |
| | B) | herbivores or other carnivores. |
| | C) | herbivores. |
| | D) | so often. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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3 | | The vast majority of energy taken into an ecosystem is |
| | A) | converted into biomass by plants. |
| | B) | utilized by secondary consumers. |
| | C) | lost as heat. |
| | D) | used by the primary consumers. |
| | E) | concentrated in the decomposers. |
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4 | | Although the biomass of a rain forest is much greater than the biomass of a cornfield |
| | A) | the number of primary consumers in the cornfield exceeds those in the rain forest. |
| | B) | the rain forest's net primary productivity is much lower in relation to its biomass. |
| | C) | the cornfield is a more stable ecosystem. |
| | D) | the cornfield cannot survive without nutritional supplementation. |
| | E) | none of the above is true. |
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5 | | Carbon captured from the atmosphere by photosynthesis can only return through respiration. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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6 | | Plants represent the most plentiful source of carbon in the ecosystem. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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7 | | Plant growth is most likely to be limited by scarcity of __________ in the environment. |
| | A) | sulfur |
| | B) | nitrogen |
| | C) | phosphorus |
| | D) | carbon |
| | E) | both b and c |
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8 | | The sun drives circulation of the atmosphere. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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9 | | The major atmospheric circulation patterns result from the interactions between six large air masses. |
| | A) | true |
| | B) | false |
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10 | | A rain shadow is likely to develop |
| | A) | in almost any very hot climate. |
| | B) | at elevations exceeding 4,500 ft. |
| | C) | on the leeward side of a mountain. |
| | D) | on the north slope of a mountain. |
| | E) | near the equator. |
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11 | | Scarce nutrients |
| | A) | eutrophic lakes |
| | B) | oligotrophic lakes |
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12 | | Abundant organic matter |
| | A) | eutrophic lakes |
| | B) | oligotrophic lakes |
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13 | | Little oxygen in summer |
| | A) | eutrophic lakes |
| | B) | oligotrophic lakes |
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14 | | Deep waters rich in oxygen |
| | A) | eutrophic lakes |
| | B) | oligotrophic lakes |
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15 | | Ecology is the study of |
| | A) | how organisms interact with their environment. |
| | B) | where we live. |
| | C) | how organisms interact with each other. |
| | D) | the different environments in the world. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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16 | | A variety of different bacteria and yeasts live on human skin. Together they are considered to be a(n) |
| | A) | ecosystem. |
| | B) | population. |
| | C) | community. |
| | D) | trophic level. |
| | E) | biome. |
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17 | | Photosynthetic bacteria are in trophic level |
| | A) | 1. |
| | B) | 2. |
| | C) | 3. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | none of the above |
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18 | | Molds that break down leaves and other dead organic material on the forest floor are in trophic level |
| | A) | 1. |
| | B) | 2. |
| | C) | 3. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | none of the above |
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19 | | A lion that feeds on zebras is in trophic level |
| | A) | 1. |
| | B) | 2. |
| | C) | 3. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | none of the above |
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20 | | The primary consumers of ecosystems are |
| | A) | herbivores. |
| | B) | carnivores. |
| | C) | omnivores. |
| | D) | the insects. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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21 | | Primary productivity refers to the |
| | A) | rate of photosynthesis in plants and photosynthetic bacteria as compared to the rate of plant consumption by herbivores. |
| | B) | total amount of light energy converted to organic compounds in a given area per unit time. |
| | C) | rate of decomposition by the detritivores. |
| | D) | total biomass of the photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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22 | | In the earth's ecosystems, energy |
| | A) | is recycled and is never really lost. |
| | B) | flows from producers to consumers and back to producers. |
| | C) | flows in one direction, from producers to consumers. |
| | D) | is produced at all trophic levels. |
| | E) | both a and d |
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23 | | A consequence of cutting down forests is |
| | A) | that water is no longer returned to the atmosphere over the area of the forest. |
| | B) | the loss of animal habitats. |
| | C) | the production of high-quality agricultural land. |
| | D) | all of the above |
| | E) | both a and b |
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24 | | Burning wood |
| | A) | releases oxygen into the atmosphere. |
| | B) | consumes carbon dioxide. |
| | C) | destroys the carbon that was in the wood. |
| | D) | releases carbon into the atmosphere. |
| | E) | releases nitrogen into the atmosphere. |
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25 | | Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by |
| | A) | bacteria in the atmosphere. |
| | B) | bacteria in the soil and in plant root nodules. |
| | C) | plants. |
| | D) | the fungi. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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26 | | Why did their corn grow better when Native Americans added a fish to the soil at planting time? |
| | A) | The fish added carbon to the soil. |
| | B) | The fish added "fixed" nitrogen to the soil. |
| | C) | The fish added phosphorus and sulfur to the soil. |
| | D) | The fish provided the vitamins that the young plant required. |
| | E) | all of the above |
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27 | | Pollution of lakes by commercial detergents that contain phosphates |
| | A) | kills the bacteria there and causes a breakdown in the food chain. |
| | B) | encourages the growth of bacteria and an increase in the fish population. |
| | C) | encourages the growth of algae, which leads to the suffocation of fish and other animals. |
| | D) | raises the pH. |
| | E) | lowers the pH. |
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28 | | Ocean currents are determined by |
| | A) | proximity to land. |
| | B) | underwater geography. |
| | C) | atmospheric circulation. |
| | D) | the season. |
| | E) | none of the above |
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29 | | Deep sea waters below 300 meters |
| | A) | harbor a rich variety of life, including the red algae. |
| | B) | are rich in photoplankton. |
| | C) | consist mostly of plant life. |
| | D) | harbor limited kinds of life, some of which are very strange. |
| | E) | both b and c |
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30 | | Oligotrophic lakes are |
| | A) | only found at high latitudes. |
| | B) | saltwater lakes. |
| | C) | rich in organic matter and nutrients. |
| | D) | scarce in organic matter and nutrients. |
| | E) | rich in plant life. |
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