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Multiple Choice Quiz
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1

The Hershey-Chase team of researchers used viruses to prove DNA was the genetic material causing the transformation observed in Griffith's and Avery's experiments.
A)true
B)false
2

Hershey and Chase found that the hereditary material in bacteriophages was a protein/DNA complex.
A)true
B)false
3

In his work with tobacco mosaic virus and Holmes rib grass virus Fraenkel-Conrat determined
A)DNA is the genetic material used by all cellular organisms and viruses.
B)that some viruses use a complex of RNA and protein rather than DNA as their genetic information.
C)some viruses use RNA rather than DNA as their genetic information.
D)some viruses infect numerous species of plants and animals.
E)proteins are the genetic information used by some viruses.
4

In his experiments Fraenkel-Conrat
A)dissociated the RNA from the protein coats of the viruses they worked with then created hybrid viruses.
B)complexed RNA and DNA to make functional hybrid viruses.
C)produced infectious proteins which caused lesions to develop on tobacco plants.
D)determined the retrovirus HIV was the cause of HIV.
E)both a and d
5

Adenine and guanine have nitrogen-containing bases with ___________ ring(s) while thymine and cytosine have nitrogen-containing bases with ________ ring(s).
A)two carbon, one carbon
B)one carbon, one carbon
C)two carbon, two carbon
D)one carbon, two carbon
E)three carbon, two carbon
6

X-ray diffraction experiments conducted by _________ led to the determination that DNA was a helical molecule.
A)Francis Crick
B)James Watson
C)Heinz Fraenkel-Conrat
D)Rosalind Franklin
E)Martha Chase
7

mRNA is this the product of DNA transcription.
A)true
B)false
8

RNA polymerase binds to one strand of a DNA molecule at a site called the promoter.
A)true
B)false
9

During translation the mRNA molecule
A)sits between the the tRNA molecule and the large subunit of the ribosome.
B)moves between the two subunits of the ribosome.
C)brings amino acids from the cytoplasm to the tRNA molecule bound to the ribosome.
D)binds amino acids together in the growing polypeptide chain.
E)is not involved.
10

tRNA molecules with bound amino acids deliver them to the
A)P site on the ribosome.
B)3' end of the polypeptide chain.
C)5' end of the polypeptide chain.
D)nucleus.
E)A site on the ribosome.
11

Activators are regulatory genes that allow enhancers to bind to the promoter site on a DNA molecule.
A)true
B)false
12

DNA loops around so the enhancer is positioned near the promoter it regulates.
A)true
B)false
13

Mutations that throw the reading of the gene out of register are ___________ mutations.
A)point
B)transpositions
C)frame-shift
D)chromosomal rearrangements
E)insignificant
14

Mutations involving the alteration of one or a few base pairs in the coding sequence are ___________ mutations.
A)point
B)transpositions
C)frame-shift
D)chromosomal rearrangements
E)insignificant
15

Diesel exhaust, pesticides, and cigarette tar have been implicated in __________ cancer.
A)breast
B)skin
C)nose
D)lung
E)bladder
16

The material that transformed harmless bacteria into virulent bacteria in Avery's experiment was
A)DNA.
B)mRNA.
C)tRNA.
D)protein.
E)RNA polymerase.
17

What is the significance of Chargaff's rule in the DNA molecule?
A)The pairing of purines and pyrimidines in DNA results in an excess of purine in some molecules.
B)Chargaff's rule says that a double helix should not form except at pH 7.
C)The rules of base pairing proposed by Chargaff result in a molecule with a constant thickness.
D)both a and b
E)none of the above
18

The replication of DNA molecules in a eukaryotic cell takes place
A)just prior to metaphase in mitosis.
B)prior to cell division.
C)continuously.
D)only during meiosis.
E)shortly after telophase.
19

The production of mRNA is called
A)transduction.
B)transformation.
C)transcription.
D)translation.
E)promotion.
20

Which of the following is the most accurate description of RNA polymerase?
A)RNA polymerase is used to initiate the production of tRNA from an mRNA template.
B)RNA polymerase binds to a strand of DNA and moves along the strand to make a strand of mRNA.
C)RNA polymerase is responsible for providing a termination signal to the DNA strand at the end of rRNA synthesis.
D)DNA ligase and RNA polymerase work together to bind the nucleotides in a newly forming DNA strand.
E)RNA polymerase joins the two DNA after translation has occurred.
21

During transcription
A)both DNA strands serve as a template for the synthesis of mRNA.
B)the two DNA strands alternate as the template for the synthesis of tRNA.
C)one of the DNA strands serves as a template for the synthesis of mRNA.
D)mRNA serves as a template for the synthesis of rRNA.
E)rRNA is assembled into complexes with proteins to make new ribosomes.
22

Each amino acid is specified by
A)several genes.
B)an operon and a promoter.
C)a codon.
D)markers of the surface of the cell requiring it for growth.
E)an enhancer.
23

In ribosomes the rRNA is located
A)on the surface of the large subunit.
B)complexed with several proteins in the large subunit.
C)in both the small and the large subunits.
D)in the small subunit.
E)none of the above
24

Why can ribosomes bind to a sequence occurring at the beginning of a gene?
A)Because of the matching, exposed sequence of rRNA nucleotides found on the small subunit of the ribosome.
B)Because of the effects of certain hormones that are associated with DNA synthesis.
C)Because the conformation of the ribosome contributes to binding with DNA.
D)both a and b
E)none of the above
25

What part of the tRNA molecule binds to mRNA?
A)The single-stranded nucleotide "tail" of the tRNA molecule binds to a specific codon on the mRNA molecule.
B)The anticodon loop on the tRNA molecule binds to a specific codon on the mRNA molecule.
C)The tRNA codon binds to the anticodon on the mRNA molecule.
D)The small subunit of the tRNA binds to the promoter on the mRNA molecule.
E)The large subunit of the tRNA molecule binds to the anticodon on the mRNA molecule.
26

What happens when a ribosome reaches a codon on the mRNA molecule that does not specify any of the 64 tRNA anticodons?
A)The ribosome begins to read the mRNA molecule in the opposite direction.
B)The ribosome releases the newly formed protein molecule.
C)The ribosome subunits separate.
D)The newly formed protein begins to break up into smaller molecules.
E)both b and c
27

Which of the following mechanisms would function to prevent transcription?
A)the addition of excess substrate to the environment
B)binding of a repressor to the operator site on the gene
C)binding of an enhancer to the repressor site on the gene
D)changing the pH of the environment
E)both a and d
28

What effect would the addition of lactose have on a repressed lac operon?
A)The operator site on the operon would move.
B)It would reinforce the repression of that gene.
C)It would result in the repression of other genes in that area.
D)The lac operon would be transcribed.
E)It would have no effect whatsoever.
29

After transcription, the mRNA molecule must __________ before it is translated into a protein molecule.
A)assume the correct three-dimensional sequence
B)adjust to its new environment
C)have its introns removed
D)have its exons removed
E)complex with a tRNA molecule
30

Chemical or physical damage to DNA can cause __________ mutations involving one or a few nucleotides.
A)single
B)simple
C)insignificant
D)point
E)patterned





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