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Multiple Choice
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1

The smallest unit to enter a chemical reaction is a(n) ____.
A)atom
B)molecule
C)compound
D)substance
2

The atomic weight of an atom is determined by the number of ______ .
A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)protons and neutrons
3

The inner shell of any atom can contain up to ______ electrons.
A)two
B)four
C)six
D)eight
4

Isotopes of an element differ due to the number of ______ .
A)protons
B)neutrons
C)electrons
D)both protons and electrons
5

The formation of ______ bonds involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another nearby atom.
A)covalent
B)ionic
C)hydrogen
D)all of the above
6

The biologically important properties of water are due to what attributes of water?
A)polarity
B)hydrogen bonding
C)its tendency to freeze solid
D)both polarity and hydrogen bonding
7

Acids dissociate in water and release ______ .
A)hydroxide ions
B)hydrogen ions
C)chloride ions
D)hydroxide ions and hydrogen ions
8

Sugars with only one unit (monomer) are called ______ .
A)monosaccharides
B)disaccharides
C)trisaccharides
D)starch
9

A polysaccharide, such as starch, glycogen, or cellulose, is a carbohydrate that contains a large number of ______ .
A)peptide units
B)glucose units
C)amino acids
D)fatty acids
10

A typical fat molecule consists of ______ .
A)glycerol
B)fatty acids
C)glycogen
D)glycerol and fatty acids
11

Organic compounds that speed up chemical reactions are called ____.
A)carbohydrates
B)lipids
C)enzymes
D)nucleotides
12

The subunits of proteins are the ______ .
A)amines
B)peptides
C)polypeptides
D)amino acids
13

Amino acids differ from one another by their ______ .
A)amino groups
B)acid groups
C)R groups
14

The covalent bond that joins two amino acids in a protein is called a(n) _____.
A)hydrogen bond
B)peptide bond
C)carbohydrate bond
D)alpha linkage bond
15

The primary structure of a protein refers to its ______ .
A)three-dimensional shape
B)order of amino acids
C)order of nucleic acids
D)orientation of the amino acids
16

Each nucleotide contains a ______ .
A)phosphate group
B)sugar
C)nitrogenous base
D)phosphate group, sugar, and nitrogenous base
17

ATP, a special type of nucleotide, functions as ______ .
A)a buffer
B)an enzyme
C)the energy carrier in cells
D)hereditary material in the cell





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