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1 | |
The most fertile time for species formation in evolutionary history was the _______ era of geologic history.
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| | A) | Ordovician
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| | B) | Mesozoic
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| | C) | Cambrian
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| | D) | Cenozoic
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2 | |
About 230 million years ago there was a massive geological event that removed many species; this was the _____________ extinction.
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| | A) | Cenozoic
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| | B) | Mesozoic
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| | C) | Permian
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| | D) | Cambrian
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3 | |
Members of phylum Sipuncula are considered to be ________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | deposit, marine habitats.
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| | B) | filter, fresh waters
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivorous, tropical areas.
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4 | |
Members of phylum Echiura are considered to be ________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | deposit, marine habitats.
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| | B) | filter, fresh waters
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats
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| | D) | herbivorous, tropical habitats
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5 | |
Members of phylum Pogonophora are considered to be _________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | symbiotic, marine habitats.
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| | B) | filter, fresh waters
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivorous, tropical habitats.
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6 | |
Members of phylum Pentastomida are considered to be _________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | symbiotic, marine habitats.
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| | B) | parasitic, vertebrate tissues.
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivore, tropical habitats.
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7 | |
Members of phylum Onychophora are considered to be _________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | symbiotic, marine habitats.
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| | B) | parasitic, vertebrate tissues.
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivorous, tropical habitats.
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8 | |
The members of phylum Echiura are distinguished from the other phyla in this chapter by having
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| | A) | a parasitic life style.
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| | B) | cryptobiosis.
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| | C) | a trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | a heart and closed circulatory system.
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9 | |
The members of phylum Sipuncula are distinguished from the other phyla in this group by having
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| | A) | an introvert.
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| | B) | metamerism.
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| | C) | a trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | a closed circulatory system.
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10 | |
The members of phylum Pogonophora are distinguished from the other phyla in this chapter by having
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| | A) | an introvert.
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| | B) | metamerism.
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| | C) | no mouth or digestive tract.
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| | D) | a closed circulatory system.
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11 | |
The members of phylum Pentastomida are distinguished from the other phyla in this chapter by having
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| | A) | a parasitic life style.
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| | B) | metamerism.
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| | C) | a trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | a closed circulatory system.
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12 | |
The members of phylum Onychophora are distinguished from the other phyla in this chapter by having
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| | A) | an introvert.
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| | B) | metamerism.
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| | C) | a tracheal system.
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| | D) | a closed circulatory system.
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13 | |
The members of phylum Tardigrada are distinguished from the other phyla in this group by having
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| | A) | an introvert.
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| | B) | metamerism.
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| | C) | a trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | cryptobiosis.
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14 | |
A crown of ciliated tentacles in a double row around the mouth opening, which is used for respiration and feeding, is called a(n)
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| | A) | proboscis.
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| | B) | radula.
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| | C) | introvert.
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| | D) | lophophore.
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15 | |
Members of phylum Phoronida are considered _________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | filter, marine habitats.
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| | B) | parasitic, vertebrate tissues.
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivorous, tropical marine habitats
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16 | |
Members of phylum Ectoprocta are considered _________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | deposit, marine habitats.
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| | B) | filter, both freshwater and marine habitats.
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivorous, tropical marine habitats.
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17 | |
Members of phylum Brachiopoda are considered _________ feeders and are found in
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| | A) | filter, marine habitats.
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| | B) | parasitic, vertebrate tissues.
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| | C) | predatory, terrestrial habitats.
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| | D) | herbivore, tropical marine habitats.
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18 | |
Members of phylum Phoronida are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having a
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| | A) | parasitic life style.
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| | B) | a pattern of metamerism.
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| | C) | trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | a closed circulatory system without a heart.
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19 | |
The members of phylum Ectoprocta are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having a
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| | A) | colonial lifestyle.
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| | B) | pattern of metamerism.
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| | C) | trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | closed circulatory system.
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20 | |
The members of phylum Brachiopoda are distinguished from the other phyla addressed in this chapter by having
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| | A) | a parasitic lifestyle.
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| | B) | dorsal and ventral valves.
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| | C) | a trochophore larvae.
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| | D) | a closed circulatory system.
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21 | |
The single phylum among the lophophorates that was widespread in the past and remains successful in many habitats today is the
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| | A) | Ectoprocta.
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| | B) | Phoronida.
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| | C) | Brachiopoda.
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| | D) | Sipuncula.
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22 | |
Superficially, a colony of Ectoprocta might be mistaken for a colonial hydroid. Microscopically, they can be easily distinguished from these by the presence of
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| | A) | sense organs.
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| | B) | reproductive organs.
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| | C) | ciliated tentacles.
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| | D) | a mouth in the center of the tentacles.
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23 | |
In a colonial Ectoproct, each member of the colony is called a, _________ and it consists of a __________ and a ____________
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| | A) | cystid, zoecium, polyp.
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| | B) | zoecium, polyp, zooid.
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| | C) | polyp, zooid, polypide.
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| | D) | zooid, polypide, cystid.
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24 | |
In a colonial Ectoproct, the polypide is functionally responsible for
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| | A) | defending the colony.
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| | B) | feeding.
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| | C) | building the case.
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| | D) | reproducing.
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25 | |
In the colonial Ectoproct, the cystid is functionally responsible for
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| | A) | defending the colony.
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| | B) | feeding.
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| | C) | building the exoskeleton.
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| | D) | reproducing.
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26 | |
The phylum Brachiopoda is divided into two classes based on the structure that connects the two different valves of the animal. These classes are the
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| | A) | Tentaculata and the Nuda.
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| | B) | Bivalvia and the Polyvalvia.
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| | C) | Articulata and the Inarticulata.
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| | D) | Erranteria and the Sedenteria.
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27 | |
Of these lophophorate phyla, the one that has an extensive fossil record but limited distribution today is the
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| | A) | Phoronida.
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| | B) | Ectoprocta.
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| | C) | Brachiopoda.
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| | D) | Echiura.
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28 | |
Superficially the brachiopods could be mistaken for bivalves. Close inspection would show that bivalve shells are positioned ______________________ while brachiopod shells are positioned
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| | A) | anterior and posterior, right and left.
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| | B) | right and left, dorsal and ventral.
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| | C) | dorsal and ventral, right and left.
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| | D) | right and left, anterior and posterior.
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29 | |
Which of the following is not a section of the tripartite coelom seen in lophophorates?
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| | A) | mesocoel
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| | B) | protocoel
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| | C) | metacoel
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| | D) | proctocoel
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30 | |
Of the lophophorate animals, the ones that cause quite a problem with fouling boat hulls are the ectoprocts.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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31 | |
Lophophorates are coelomate, bilaterally symmetrical protostomes, although they do possess some characteristics that make some scientists question their taxonomic placement.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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32 | |
The colonial lophophorates include both the ectoprocts and the brachiopods.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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33 | |
The lophophore is different from other tentacular structures found on the anterior end of animals, as it is ciliated, contains part of the coelom within the tentacles, and functions in both gathering food and respiration.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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34 | |
The protocoel is housed in the protosome, the mesocoel in the mesosome, and the mesocoel in the metasome.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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35 | |
The phylum Phoronida is the smallest of the lophophorate phyla, with respect to numbers of species.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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36 | |
Interestingly, the phoronids have a closed circulatory system and nucleated cells with hemoglobin, but no heart!
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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37 | |
Of the lophophorates, the brachiopods often reproduce asexually.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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38 | |
Ectoprocts are a relatively speciose group, and nearly all species are colonial.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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39 | |
The individual ectoproct animal is called the polypide and it is surrounded by the zoecium.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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40 | |
The unique larva of the ectoprocts is the actinotroch.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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41 | |
A structure that ectoprocts possess shares a name of a cnidarian structure. This is the operculum. The operculum has a similar function in both groups.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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42 | |
Ectoprocts lack respiratory, vascular, and excretory organs. These functions occur across the body surface, and this is possible, as the individual animals are rather small.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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43 | |
The genus Lingula is a common species of ectoproct. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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44 | |
The members of the articulate brachiopods were given their name because of an articulation; a hinge between the two valves which is lacking in the inarticulate brachiopods.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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45 | |
It is believed that the three-part coelom seen in the lophophorates is a convergent character with the deuterostomes.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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46 | |
Most members of phylum Tardigrada are considered to be herbivorous feeders and are found in films of water associated with primitive plants.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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47 | |
Onychophorans have annelid-like characteristics such as a muscular body wall and metamerically arranged nephridia, yet arthropod-like characteristics such as a large brain, and a tracheal system.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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48 | |
Traits of onychophorans that are unique include oral papillae, body tubercles for locomotion that are rather ventrally located, and suppression of external segmentation.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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49 | |
The sipunculids possess several unique characteristics, including the introvert and the trophosome.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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50 | |
The anus in sipunculids is actually located near the oral area, which makes sense, as they live buried in the bottom sediments with only the anterior end exposed.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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51 | |
The proboscis of the echiurans contains both the brain and the reproductive organs.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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52 | |
The vestimentiferans are unusual worms, as they occur often near deepwater hydrothermal vents, and gain much of their nutrition via symbiotic bacteria that reside in the trophosome. The bacteria gain their nutrition from the hydrogen sulfide emanating from the vents.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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53 | |
The opisthosoma of vestimentiferans was not known until relatively recently, as the worm has several girdles which have setae, allowing the animal to "hang on" within the tube. Samples of these worms contained incomplete samples, missing the posterior end.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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54 | |
Of the groups studied in this chapter, the pentastomids are the only phylum that lacks a mouth and digestive system.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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55 | |
If you had a parasitic worm make its presence known by sticking out of your nose (yuk!), you might surmise that you had an infection of sipunculids.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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56 | |
Of the groups studied in this chapter, most are marine dwellers. The only phylum which has members which are fully ambulatory (look that one up if you don't know it!), and terrestrial is Onychophora.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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57 | |
Onychophorans have spiracles the are different from those found in annelids, as they cannot close. Therefore, these animals are restricted to moist areas, as water would be lost from the tracheal system in a dry habitat.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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58 | |
Of the groups studied in this chapter, only the onychophorans exhibited viviparity.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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59 | |
Of the groups studied in this chapter, all are classified as coelomates, but the primary body cavity external to the gut is the hemocoel.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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60 | |
Cryptobiosis is best exhibited by the tardigrades, and is induced by unfavorable changes in environmental conditions.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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61 | |
Some taxonomists lump the sipunculans, echiurans, annelids, and molluscs in one supraphyletic group because of their trochophore larvae.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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62 | |
Molecular evidence suggests close evolutionary relationships between the echiurans, sipunculids, pogonophorans, annelids, and molluscs, and put them in the supraphyletic group Lophotrochozoa.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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63 | |
Because of various characters, some researchers have suggested that tardigrades are more aligned with the acoelomates.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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