 |
1 | |
The endoskeleton of the echinoderms is composed of
|
| | A) | keratin ossicles.
|
| | B) | calcareous ossicles.
|
| | C) | keratin spicules.
|
| | D) | calcareous spicules.
|
|
|
2 | |
The ambulacral groove is found between the
|
| | A) | rows of tube feet.
|
| | B) | radial nerves.
|
| | C) | layers of pedicellariae.
|
| | D) | rows of dermal ossicles.
|
|
|
3 | |
The structures that keep the body surface clean of debris and protect the skin gills are called
|
| | A) | madreporites.
|
| | B) | dermal branchiae.
|
| | C) | lateral podia.
|
| | D) | pedicellariae.
|
|
|
4 | |
The calcareous sieve opening into the water vascular system is called the
|
| | A) | madreporite.
|
| | B) | dermal branchiae.
|
| | C) | lateral podia.
|
| | D) | pedicellariae.
|
|
|
5 | |
Many echinoderms have two parts to the stomach, these two parts are ________ the and the
|
| | A) | enzymatic, cecal.
|
| | B) | cecal, cardiac.
|
| | C) | cardiac, pyloric.
|
| | D) | pyloric, enzymatic.
|
|
|
6 | |
Changing from a bilaterally symmetrical larval form to a radially symmetrical adult involves relocation of various parts. In this process, the left side becomes the ___________________ and the right side becomes the _____________________.
|
| | A) | oral surface, aboral surface.
|
| | B) | dorsal surface, ventral surface.
|
| | C) | anterior surface, posterior surface.
|
| | D) | aboral surface, oral surface.
|
|
|
7 | |
The echinoderms have developed the ability to exploit many sources of food. The brittle stars and sea stars are _______________, the sea urchins are __________________, and the sea cucumbers eat ________________.
|
| | A) | planktivores, herbivores, worm.
|
| | B) | detritivores, carnivores, plankton.
|
| | C) | herbivores, detritivores, algae.
|
| | D) | carnivores, herbivores, detritus.
|
|
|
8 | |
Which of these classes is characterized by no anus, no suckers, articulated ossicles, and a madreporite on the oral surface?
|
| | A) | Crinoidea
|
| | B) | Ophiuroidea
|
| | C) | Asteroidea
|
| | D) | Echinoidea
|
|
|
9 | |
Which of these classes is characterized by an endoskeletal test, a complex chewing apparatus, no arms, pedicellaria with three jaws, closed ambulacral grooves, and movable spines?
|
| | A) | Crinoidea
|
| | B) | Ophiuroidea
|
| | C) | Asteroidea
|
| | D) | Echinoidea
|
|
|
10 | |
Which of these classes is characterized by arms that are not demarcated from the disc, open ambulacral grooves, tube feet with suckers, and the madreporite on the aboral surface?
|
| | A) | Crinoidea
|
| | B) | Ophiuroidea
|
| | C) | Asteroidea
|
| | D) | Echinoidea
|
|
|
11 | |
Which of these classes is characterized by five arms with pinnules, ciliated ambulacral grooves, no pedicellariae, no madreporite, and some species have stalks?
|
| | A) | Crinoidea
|
| | B) | Ophiuroidea
|
| | C) | Asteroidea
|
| | D) | Echinoidea
|
|
|
12 | |
Aristotle's lantern is a complex set of ________ used in the process of
|
| | A) | neurons and ocelli, visual sensation.
|
| | B) | glands and muscles, digestion.
|
| | C) | tentacles and cilia, reproduction.
|
| | D) | ossicles and muscles, chewing.
|
|
|
13 | |
The distal ends of the ambulacral grooves in the sea urchins are near the
|
| | A) | mouth.
|
| | B) | madreporite.
|
| | C) | pedicellariae.
|
| | D) | periproct.
|
|
|
14 | |
Which of the following classes is characterized by a disc-shaped body, no arms, no madreporite, and a reduced water-vascular system?
|
| | A) | Ophiuroidea
|
| | B) | Echinoidea
|
| | C) | Holothuroidea
|
| | D) | Concentricycloidea
|
|
|
15 | |
Which of the following classes is characterized by no arms, very small ossicles, closed ambulacral grooves, tube feet with suckers, and circumoral tentacles?
|
| | A) | Ophiuroidea
|
| | B) | Echinoidea
|
| | C) | Holothuroidea
|
| | D) | Concentricycloidea
|
|
|
16 | |
The holothuroideans have a tree-like structure in the coelom that is connected to the cloaca. The two functions of this structure are __________________ and _________________.
|
| | A) | respiration, excretion.
|
| | B) | excretion, digestion.
|
| | C) | digestion, circulation.
|
| | D) | circulation, respiration.
|
|
|
17 | |
The echinoderms are better known from the fossil record than from living forms, as there are 6,000 living species and ___________ extinct species.
|
| | A) | 200
|
| | B) | 2,000
|
| | C) | 20,000
|
| | D) | 200,000
|
|
|
18 | |
The group of echinoderm which is most speciose is the
|
| | A) | Asteroidea.
|
| | B) | Ophiuroidea.
|
| | C) | Holothuroidea.
|
| | D) | Echinoidea
|
|
|
19 | |
The Hemichordata were at one time considered part of the phylum Chordata. They are in a separate phylum now because they lack a true
|
| | A) | gill slit.
|
| | B) | dorsal hollow nerve cord.
|
| | C) | notochord.
|
| | D) | postanal tail.
|
|
|
20 | |
Which of the following classes is characterized by a body made of a proboscis, collar, and long trunk?
|
| | A) | Enteropneusta
|
| | B) | Pterobranchia
|
| | C) | Lophophorata
|
| | D) | Chaetognatha
|
|
|
21 | |
Which of the following in characterized by a dartlike shape, and a body made of head, trunk, tail, with chitinous spines around the mouth?
|
| | A) | Enteropneusta
|
| | B) | Pterobranchia
|
| | C) | Lophophorata
|
| | D) | Chaetognatha
|
|
|
22 | |
Chaetognaths have digestive system.
|
| | A) | a complete
|
| | B) | an incomplete
|
| | C) | a rudimentary
|
| | D) | a missing
|
|
|
23 | |
Which of the following characteristics do chaetognaths possess that is in common with the chordates?
|
| | A) | notochord
|
| | B) | pharyngeal gill slits
|
| | C) | postanal tail
|
| | D) | dorsal hollow nerve cord
|
|
|
24 | |
Chaetognaths have a vascular system.
|
| | A) | complete
|
| | B) | closed
|
| | C) | open
|
| | D) | missing
|
|
|
25 | |
Reproduction in chaetognaths can occur
|
| | A) | between male and female individuals.
|
| | B) | within one individual.
|
| | C) | by parthenogenesis.
|
| | D) | asexually.
|
|
|
26 | |
The most familiar chaetognath are the members of the genus
|
| | A) | the genusObelia.
|
| | B) | the genusArbacia.
|
| | C) | the genusSagitta.
|
| | D) | the genusSaccoglossus.
|
|
|
27 | |
The "notochord" of the hemichordates is no longer considered to be homologous with the notochord of the chordates as it is
|
| | A) | an evagination of the oral cavity.
|
| | B) | it is not part of the coelom.
|
| | C) | it is really a part of the lophophore.
|
| | D) | it is actually a zooid, not a notochord.
|
|
|
28 | |
The nervous system of chaetognaths may be described as
|
| | A) | a nerve ring.
|
| | B) | ladderlike
|
| | C) | lacking.
|
| | D) | consisting of two nerve cords.
|
|
|
29 | |
The major function of the gill slits in an enteropneust is
|
| | A) | respiration.
|
| | B) | dissemination of gametes.
|
| | C) | feeding.
|
| | D) | support for the cephalic ganglia
|
|
|
30 | |
With respect to the feeding mechanism of the pterobranchs, their morphology might be most closely compared to the
|
| | A) | ectoprocts.
|
| | B) | echinoids.
|
| | C) | lancelets.
|
| | D) | enteropneusts.
|
|
|
31 | |
Graptolites are believed to be allied with the
|
| | A) | ectoprocts.
|
| | B) | enteropneusts.
|
| | C) | pterobranchs.
|
| | D) | chaetognaths.
|
|
|
32 | |
The evidence for the bilateral ancestor of the echinoderms is seen in embryology. Interestingly, these are the only rather advanced radial animals.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
33 | |
The water vascular system is an extension of the coelom. This is unique to echinoderms.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
34 | |
Echinoderms are restricted to marine habitats because they have no structures that would allow them to osmoregulate.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
35 | |
The most accurate way to describe the echinoderm symmetry is hexamerous, radial symmetry, with exceptions such as the sea cucumbers and the larvae of most species.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
36 | |
The possession of a radial symmetry goes hand in hand with the lack of a head or brain in echinoderms. Further, they have radial nerves, as well as a nerve net.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
37 | |
When one looks at the aboral surface of a sea star, one can see the madreporite, as well as spines, podia, ambulacra, and pedicellaria.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
38 | |
In echinoderms, specialized excretory organs are absent.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
39 | |
Although species vary, the echinoderms have radially symmetrical larvae, which undergo various larval stages.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
40 | |
Autonomy and regeneration are particularly pronounced in the echinoderms, which is adaptive to living in areas such as the intertidal, in which a rock may roll on an organism and break off an arm.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
41 | |
Echinoderms are often used in zoology courses in developmental studies, as they are deuterostomes as we are, so the developmental stages are very similar.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
42 | |
A "starfish" that has a body with many arms, set off distinctly from the central area, would be a member of the class Asteroidea.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
43 | |
Sea stars and brittle stars both can only have five arms per individual.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
44 | |
When it is said that the ambulacral grooves of the sea stars are open, this means that the radial nerve, the coelomic extension, and the radial canal are just under the epidermis. In most other echinoderms, these are covered with dermal ossicles.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
45 | |
The coelom of sea stars extends into the arms, the dermal papulae and the podia.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
46 | |
It would be a good guess that a starfish that resides in the deep sea environments characterized by a soft bottomed ooze lacks suckers on the tube feet.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
47 | |
When a sea star feeds, the stomach is everted through the mouth.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
48 | |
The crown of thorns starfish has been known to damage huge areas of coral. These starfish consume coral, and but their populations dynamics are not well known.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
49 | |
Most sea stars are dioecious and fertilization is external. The embryo formed is referred to as a bipinnaria, which then develops into a brachiolaria.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
50 | |
The larva of the ophiuroids is the ophiopleuteus. Makes sense.... right?
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
51 | |
The Aristotle's lantern is the chewing mechanism of the echininoids.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
52 | |
Pterobranchs are active marine predators.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
53 | |
The bodies of the chaetognaths are covered with an acellular mesenchyme.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
54 | |
Some hemichordates may be colonial in nature.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
55 | |
The arms and tentacles of the pterobranchs and the lophophore of the lophophorates are considered to be symplesiomorphies.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
56 | |
Chaetognaths respire via their body surface only, while hemichordates respire across the body surface, as well as the branchial gill slits.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
57 | |
Nearly all chaetognaths are active marine predators within the water column, while the hemichordates are ciliary feeders and are benthic.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
58 | |
Both the chaetognaths and the hemichordates have enterocoelous coelom formation, and radial cleavage.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
59 | |
Chaetognaths have traditionally been included with the protostomes, but recent molecular evidence suggests that they are deuterostomes.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
60 | |
The support system in a few hemichordates is an exoskeleton, while in most it is a hydrostatic skeleton.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
61 | |
The genera Blanaoglossus and Saccoglossus are typical enteropneusts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
|
|
62 | |
A tornaria larva is produced in some chaetognaths.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
63 | |
The characteristic of some hemichordates that is shared by chordates is a hollow nerve cord on the dorsal side of the body, although it is very short in hemichordates.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|
|
64 | |
Molecular analysis of the genes encoding part of the rRNA molecule suggests that chaetognaths should be placed within the chordates.
|
| | A) | True
|
| | B) | False
|
|