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1 | | Approximately how many species of fish are known?
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| | A) | 5,000
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| | B) | 10,000
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| | C) | 20,000
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| | D) | 50,000
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2 | | The agnathans and gnathostomes branched apart most likely during the
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| | A) | Cambrian period.
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| | B) | Silurian period.
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| | C) | Devonian period.
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| | D) | Jurassic period.
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3 | | The subclass _________ is the most diverse of the fishes.
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| | A) | Elasmobranchii
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| | B) | Holocephali
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| | C) | Actinopterygii
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| | D) | Sarcopterygii
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4 | | Which of the following fish may be characterized as eel-like, parasitic, and possessing a cartilaginous skeleton?
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| | A) | chimera
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| | B) | hagfish
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| | C) | lamprey
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| | D) | ostracoderm
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5 | | The class name Myxini, or the hagfishes, refers to their
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| | A) | lack of eyes.
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| | B) | production of slime.
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| | C) | unique circulatory system.
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| | D) | parasitic lifestyle.
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6 | | The respiratory apparatus of agnathans may be characterized by
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| | A) | lack of gill filaments.
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| | B) | lack of an operculum.
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| | C) | the presence of a spiracle.
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| | D) | acting as a filter feeding mechanism.
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7 | | The derivation of the class name assigned to lampreys refers to their
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| | A) | ability to be parthenogenetic.
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| | B) | holding on to rocks in a stream.
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| | C) | rasping mouthparts.
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| | D) | parasitic nature.
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8 | | The larva of the lamprey is known as the
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| | A) | trilobite lava.
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| | B) | veliger.
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| | C) | tornaria.
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| | D) | ammocete.
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9 | | The tail of elasmobranchs is known as ________, which means that the vertebral column extends up into the dorsal lobe.
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| | A) | diphycercal
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| | B) | dorsicercal
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| | C) | heterocercal
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| | D) | homocercal
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10 | | The structure in the intestine of chondrostean fish and some primitive osteichthyean fish that increases the surface area is the
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| | A) | duodenum.
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| | B) | jejunum.
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| | C) | cecum.
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| | D) | spiral valve.
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11 | | Which of the following terms describes the reproduction of sharks?
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| | A) | internal fertilization, and a range from oviparity to viviparity
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| | B) | internal fertilization, oviparity only
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| | C) | external fertilization, and a range from oviparity to viviparity
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| | D) | external fertilization, viviparity only
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12 | | Elasmobranchs maintain their fluids hypertonic to the ocean environment by accumulating
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| | A) | fluids in the rectal gland.
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| | B) | fluid in the organ of Lorenzini.
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| | C) | urea and TMAO.
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| | D) | calcium and phosphate.
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13 | | In elasmobranchs, the placoid scales are homologous to their
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| | A) | organs of Lorenzini.
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| | B) | rectal glands.
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| | C) | ultimobranchial glands.
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| | D) | teeth.
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14 | | The function of the elasmobranch __________ is to bring in water to the gill cavity.
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| | A) | ultimobranchial gland
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| | B) | operculum
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| | C) | spiracle
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| | D) | rostrum
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15 | | Skates and rays are flattened ________ for life on the sea floor.
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| | A) | dorsoventrally
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| | B) | dorsolaterally
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| | C) | ventrolaterally
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| | D) | anterioposteriorly
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16 | | Paired fins include
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| | A) | dorsal and pectoral.
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| | B) | dorsal and anal.
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| | C) | pectoral and pelvic.
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| | D) | pelvic and anal.
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17 | | The subclass Sarcopterygii includes the lungfishes and |
| | A) | the genus Latimeria. |
| | B) | the genus Raja. |
| | C) | the genus Squalus. |
| | D) | the genus Perca. |
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18 | | The most primitive actinopterygian fish (historically and today) have scales.
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| | A) | ctenoid
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| | B) | cycloid
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| | C) | placoid
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| | D) | ganoid
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19 | | The lungs of early fish have formed into the of modern fishes.
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| | A) | pharyngeal pouches
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| | B) | swim bladders
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| | C) | pyloric cecae
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| | D) | diverticula
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20 | | The swimming ability of fish can be attributed to their
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| | A) | swim bladders.
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| | B) | pyloric cecae.
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| | C) | septa.
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| | D) | myomeres.
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21 | | Sharks have a
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| | A) | swim bladder filled with squalene.
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| | B) | liver with much squalene.
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| | C) | swim bladder filled with air.
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| | D) | heterocercal tail to keep it up in the water column.
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22 | | The swim bladder of osteichthyean fish has a gas gland and a network of capillaries, the _____________ , that acts to keep the bladder filled at an appropriate pressure.
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| | A) | pyloric cecae
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| | B) | leptocephalus
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| | C) | rete mirabile
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| | D) | squalene
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23 | | The larva of the eel is called the __________, which metamorphoses into the elver, then the adult eel.
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| | A) | leptocephalus
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| | B) | zoantherium
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| | C) | miracidium
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| | D) | smolt
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24 | | Salmon migrate to their natal stream via ________ cues in the river systems.
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| | A) | visual
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| | B) | olfactory
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| | C) | magnetic
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| | D) | unknown
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25 | | Most commonly, fish can be described as _________ and _________ with respect to reproduction.
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| | A) | dioecious, with internal fertilization
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| | B) | monoecious, with internal fertilization
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| | C) | dioecious, with external fertilization
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| | D) | monoecious, with external fertilization
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26 | | The aquatic medium is much denser and has much more oxygen than the terrestrial environment.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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27 | | The most obvious persistent notochord would be found in a lamprey.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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28 | | Marine lampreys would be considered to be catadromous, while freshwater eels are anadromous.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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29 | | As they lack any intromittent organ, sharks typically have external fertilization.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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30 | | The lateral line system allows fish to sense changes in water pressure. This system is found in both chondrichthyean and osteichthyean fish.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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31 | | The ultimobranchial glands sense electrical fields to allow sharks to find prey.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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32 | | The neopterygians are of significance as they are probably the sister lineage of the amphibians.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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33 | | The pyloric cecum allows some fish to adjust the volume of air in the swim bladder as it connects to the esophagus and the swim bladder.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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34 | | The tail type seen in sharks is heterocercal, and is heterocercal, homocercal, or diphycercal in osteichthyean fish.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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35 | | The most speciose group of fish is subclass Actinopterygii, while the least speciose group is represented by the coelocanth.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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36 | | Among the fish that lack paired fins are the lampreys, the hagfish, and the chimeras.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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37 | | Among the fish that have opercula are the bony fishes and the rays.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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38 | | The fish whose ancestors are most closely allied with the ancestors of the tetrapods are the holocephalans.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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39 | | The spiral valve, which is characteristic of elasmobranchs, is also found in some of the more primitive osteichthyean fish.
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| | A) | True
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| | B) | False
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