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1 | |
Chemistry is the discipline that studies |
| | A) | various forces of the physical world. |
| | B) | electrical charges. |
| | C) | the composition of matter and how it changes. |
| | D) | the interaction of elements and living organisms. |
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2 | |
The smallest complete units of elements are |
| | A) | neutrons |
| | B) | electrons |
| | C) | atoms |
| | D) | protons |
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3 | |
What are the components of an atom that determine its electrical charge? |
| | A) | protons and neutrons |
| | B) | electrons |
| | C) | electrons and protons |
| | D) | neutrons |
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4 | |
The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom ___________ the number of electrons in its outer rings. |
| | A) | equals |
| | B) | is less than |
| | C) | is more than |
| | D) | has no relationship to |
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5 | |
The defining characteristic of stable elements is |
| | A) | a high atomic weight |
| | B) | a low atomic number |
| | C) | the maximum number of electrons in its outer shell |
| | D) | a positive electrical charge |
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6 | |
When atoms combine with other atoms, they |
| | A) | share an electron with another atom |
| | B) | lose an electron |
| | C) | gain an electron |
| | D) | all of the above |
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7 | |
Atoms that have gained an electrical charge by gaining or losing electrons are called |
| | A) | elements |
| | B) | molecules |
| | C) | compounds |
| | D) | ions |
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8 | |
Hydrogen bonds are found in |
| | A) | protein molecules |
| | B) | gaseous oxygen |
| | C) | carbohydrate molecules |
| | D) | inorganic molecules exclusively |
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9 | |
Table sugar, baking soda, natural gas, and alcoholic beverages are examples of |
| | A) | natural substances |
| | B) | elements |
| | C) | compounds |
| | D) | particles |
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10 | |
Chemical reactions may |
| | A) | form new bonds between atoms |
| | B) | break existing bonds between atoms |
| | C) | combine atoms in new combinations to make new compounds |
| | D) | accomplish all of the above |
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11 | |
When two or more atoms or reactants bond to form a new, more complex structure, the reaction is called |
| | A) | creation |
| | B) | synthesis |
| | C) | recombination |
| | D) | hydration |
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12 | |
The acidity of a solution is determined by |
| | A) | a high hydrogen ion concentration |
| | B) | a pH below 7 |
| | C) | a low hydroxyl concentration |
| | D) | all of the above |
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13 | |
What is the pH of a solution whose H+ concentration is 0.0001? |
| | A) | 4 |
| | B) | -3 |
| | C) | 3 |
| | D) | 2 |
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14 | |
Which of the following substances is most acidic? |
| | A) | cow's milk - pH 6.6 |
| | B) | apple juice - pH 3.0 |
| | C) | cabbage - pH 5.3 |
| | D) | distilled water - pH 7.0 |
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15 | |
Organic substances are least likely to dissolve in |
| | A) | water |
| | B) | alcohol |
| | C) | ether |
| | D) | lipids |
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16 | |
In the human body, water plays an important role in |
| | A) | dissolving solid substances |
| | B) | moving chemicals around the body |
| | C) | absorbing and moving heat |
| | D) | all of the above |
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17 | |
Which of the following inorganic substances is a metabolic waste product? |
| | A) | oxygen |
| | B) | carbon dioxide |
| | C) | inorganic salts |
| | D) | all of the above |
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18 | |
Most of the energy needed by cells is supplied by |
| | A) | protein |
| | B) | carbohydrates |
| | C) | lipids |
| | D) | inorganic salts |
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19 | |
The structure of plant starch is chains of |
| | A) | monosaccharides |
| | B) | disaccharides |
| | C) | glycogen |
| | D) | none of the above |
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20 | |
Lipids include all of the substances below except |
| | A) | fats |
| | B) | steroids |
| | C) | phospholipids |
| | D) | amino acids |
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21 | |
A fat that has all of its carbon atoms joined by single carbon to carbon bonds is said to be |
| | A) | saturated |
| | B) | unsaturated |
| | C) | polyunsaturated |
| | D) | complete |
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22 | |
A phospholipid typically has |
| | A) | phosphorus atoms substituted for carbon atoms |
| | B) | no glycerol portion |
| | C) | two fatty acid chains and a phosphate group |
| | D) | three fatty acids each of which contain phosphate groups |
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23 | |
Which of the following are steroids? |
| | A) | cholesterol |
| | B) | estrogens |
| | C) | testosterone |
| | D) | all of the above |
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24 | |
Which of the following is not a function of proteins? |
| | A) | control of the speed of chemical reactions |
| | B) | combine with carbohydrates to form receptors on cell surfaces |
| | C) | serve as structural materials |
| | D) | provide insulation to conserve heat |
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25 | |
The element sulfur is sometimes found in which one of the following molecules. |
| | A) | carbohydrate |
| | B) | lipid |
| | C) | protein |
| | D) | nucleic acid |
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26 | |
The bond that contributes to maintaining the special shape of a protein is a(n) |
| | A) | hydrogen bond |
| | B) | electrovalent bond |
| | C) | ionic bond |
| | D) | peptide bond |
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27 | |
When hydrogen bonds within a protein break, the protein is said to be |
| | A) | dehydrated |
| | B) | denatured |
| | C) | both |
| | D) | neither |
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28 | |
Protein synthesis rate is controlled by |
| | A) | nucleotides |
| | B) | nitrogen atoms |
| | C) | genes |
| | D) | enzymes |
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29 | |
Some forms of Alzheimer disease may be caused by protein misfolding. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
Matter is found in various forms, gases, liquids, and solids. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
The atomic weight of an atom is determined by the sum of its protons and neutrons. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
The protons carry a positive electrical charge and electrons carry a negative electrical charge. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
Unstable elements achieve stable structures by gaining, losing, or sharing electrons in their outer shells. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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34 | |
A ion is an atom that has developed an electrical charge by losing or gaining an electron. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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35 | |
One pair of shared electrons forms a single covalent bond; two pair of shared electrons form a double covalent bond. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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36 | |
A molecular formula depicts how atoms are joined and arranged in molecules. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
Synthesis requires energy and is important to the growth of body parts. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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38 | |
A catalyst affects the speed with which a chemical reaction takes place but is not consumed by the reaction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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39 | |
Electrolytes that release hydrogen ions in water are called bases. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
When electrically charged ions disassociate in water, the solution will conduct electricity. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education