| appraisal delay | The time between recognizing that a symptom exists and deciding that it is serious.
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| behavioral delay | The time between deciding to seek treatment and actually doing so.
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| control-enhancing interventions | Interventions with patients who are awaiting treatment for the purpose of enhancing their perceptions of control over those treatments.
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| delay behavior | The act of delaying seeking treatment for recognized symptoms.
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| diagnostic-related groups (DRGs) | A patient classification scheme that specifies the nature and length of treatment for particular disorders; used by some third-party reimbursement systems to determine the amount of reimbursement.
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| disease prototypes | Organized concepts of specific diseases based on their origins, duration, symptoms, and treatment; believed to guide the interpretation of symptoms.
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| illness delay | The time between recognizing that a symptom implies an illness and the decision to seek treatment.
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| illness representation (or schema) | An organized set of beliefs about an illness or type of illness, including its nature, cause, duration, and consequences.
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| lay referral network | An informal network of family and friends who help an individual interpret and treat a disorder before the individual seeks formal medical treatment.
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| medical delay | Delay in treating symptoms that results from problems within the medical system, such as faulty diagnoses, lost test results, and the like.
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| medical students’ disease | The relabeling of symptoms of fatigue and exhaustion as a particular illness resulting from learning about that illness; called medical students’ disease because overworked medical students are vulnerable to this labeling effect.
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| monitoring/blunting | The degree to which people deal with threat by scanning the environment for threat-relevant information (monitoring) or by ignoring threat-relevant information (blunting).
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| preferred provider organization (PPO) | A network of affiliated practitioners that has agreed to charge preestablished rates for particular medical services.
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| psychological control | The perception that one has at one’s disposal a response that will reduce, minimize, eliminate, or offset the adverse effects of some unpleasant event, such as a medical procedure.
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| repression | A psychological defense by which individuals unable to deal with their own anxiety because of threatening events push these impulses into the unconscious; as a coping style, repression involves ignoring or not dealing fully with threatening events.
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| secondary gains | Benefits of being treated for illness, including the ability to rest, to be freed from unpleasant tasks, and to be taken care of by others.
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| separation anxiety | Feelings of fear or extreme distress that result from separation from someone important, usually the mother.
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| somaticizers | People who express distress and conflict through bodily symptoms.
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| worried well | Individuals free from illness who are nonetheless concerned about their physical state and frequently and inappropriately use medical services.
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2003 McGraw-Hill Higher Education