Learning Objectives

After reading this chapter, the student should be able to complete the following goals:

Define the term relationship and discuss elements that contribute to a developing relationship.

Examine the origin and development of relationships.

Distinguish between the caregiver's and the infant's repertoire of responses, and characterize a successful parent-infant relationship.

Discuss how parents' expectations influence their relationships with their children.

Discuss the background of Bowlby's theory of attachment and outline a chronology of attachment development.

Describe the strange situation technique in the study of attachment and summarize Ainsworth's findings on attachment.

Summarize recent research on attachment and discuss its impact on attachment theory.

Summarize research findings on attachment representation and intergenerational continuity.

Discuss similarities and differences between a child's attachment to mother and to father.

Discuss the origins of temperament.

Define Chess and Thomas's categories of temperament.

Examine how temperament affects a relationship.

Discuss the concept of goodness of fit and the impact of parental expectations on relationships.

Identify signs of emotional development.

Present the elements of emotional communication in infants.

Analyze emotional expressions, including primary and secondary types.

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