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A Child's World: Infancy through Adolescence, 9/e
Diane E. Papalia, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Multiple Choice



1

The symbolic function is characterized by
A)sensory cues
B)mental representations
C)abstract thinking
D)all of the above
2

All but which of the following are manifestations of the symbolic function?
A)language
B)deferred imitation
C)invisible imitation
D)symbolic play
3

Ten beads are arranged in a row. Whether they are counted from left to right or from right to left, there are 10 beads. This is an example of which principle?
A)1-to-1
B)stable-order
C)order-irrelevance
D)cardinality
4

According to Piaget, children at the preoperational stage tend to
A)conserve
B)decenter
C)centrate
D)focus on transformations rather than states
5

All but which of the following are limitations of preoperational thought identified by Piaget?
A)egocentrism
B)animism
C)irreversibility
D)induction
6

Research indicates that Piaget underestimated preoperational children's ability to
A)distinguish between appearance and reality
B)distinguish between real and imagined events
C)both a and b
D)neither a nor b
7

Ten beads are arranged in a circle. If they are rearranged in a row, they will be the same 10 beads. This is an example of the principle of
A)identity
B)reversibility
C)compensation
D)abstraction
8

Overregularization of linguistic rules is a sign of
A)development of social speech
B)too much correction by adults
C)linguistic progress
D)an academic preschool background
9

Children begin to develop the ability to converse at about age
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
10

Which of the following viewed private speech as a sign of cognitive immaturity?
A)Watson
B)Piaget
C)Vygotsky
D)Kohlberg
11

Children with delayed language development
A)have below-average intelligence
B)come from homes where they do not get enough linguistic input
C)have parents who use complex speech with them
D)may need to hear a word more often than other children to learn its meaning
12

To best encourage young children's language development, adults should
A)engage in simple conversations with them, using common words
B)talk about personal topics, food, and table manners
C)talk about things the adults are interested in
D)encourage imaginative play
13

Children develop better narrative skills when parents do all but which of the following?
A)talk with them about past events
B)prompt them with contextual cues
C)take the lead in conversations
D)comment on children's feelings about events
14

Research suggests that the most important factor in young children's ability to recall is
A)general knowledge
B)memory strategies
C)mastery motivation
D)intelligence
15

Memory without awareness is called
A)implicit
B)explicit
C)generic
D)none of the above; memory is not possible without awareness
16

Episodic memories
A)rarely become part of autobiographical memory
B)are long-lasting even in 2-year-olds
C)are better retained by boys than by girls
D)are best retained when talked about
17

Young children best remember things they
A)see
B)do for the first time
C)have done once or twice before
D)do frequently
18

The revised version of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, prepared in 1985, primarily emphasizes
A)IQ as an overall measure of intelligence
B)verbal items
C)nonverbal items
D)patterns and levels of cognitive development
19

Which of the following statements about performance on intelligence tests is true?
A)Because intelligence is inborn, an individual's IQ is fairly stable; thus test performance, in general, has remained approximately constant.
B)Experience and other factors can contribute to a rise or fall in IQ; but, on the average, test performance has remained approximately constant.
C)Experience and other factors can contribute to a rise or fall in IQ; test performance, in general, has improved in recent years.
D)Experience and other factors can contribute to a rise or fall in IQ; test performance, in general, has declined in recent years.
20

Which of the following appears to be true of the relationship between socioeconomic status and a child's IQ?
A)Socioeconomic status is the most important factor in IQ.
B)Socioeconomic status is the least important factor in IQ.
C)Socioeconomic status bears little relationship to IQ.
D)Socioeconomic status is one of several social and family risk factors that affect IQ.
21

The zone of proximal development is the level at which children can
A)perform a task easily on their own
B)perform a task on their own, but with difficulty
C)perform a task with some guidance
D)not perform a task at all
22

In which country is academic instruction in preschool most highly valued?
A)China
B)United States
C)Japan
D)All of the above place an equally high value on academic instruction.
23

Students from deprived backgrounds who participated in Project Head Start are more likely than youngsters from similar backgrounds who did not participate to
A)show lasting gains in IQ
B)finish high school
C)do as well in school as average middle-class children
D)none of the above; the program has had no measurable long-term effects
24

Children in academically oriented preschool programs
A)recognize numbers better than children in child-centered programs
B)take more pride in their accomplishments
C)are more highly motivated
D)are more dependent on adult approval