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A Child's World: Infancy through Adolescence, 9/e

Diane E. Papalia, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman

Physical Development and Health during the First Three Years

Multiple Choice


1	According to the cephalocaudal and proximodistal principles, it would take longest for a baby to develop the ability to
		A)	focus the eyes
		B)	wiggle the toes
		C)	hold a rattle
		D)	kick the legs


2	Body growth is fastest in which of these periods?
		A)	birth to 1 year
		B)	1 year to 2 years
		C)	2 years to 3 years
		D)	13 years to 15 years


3	All but which of the following are considered benefits of breastfeeding over bottle-feeding for newborns?
		A)	contains less fat
		B)	less allergenic
		C)	protects against infections
		D)	is more digestible


4	Myelination
		A)	is a process for making formula as much like breast milk as possible.
		B)	is the multiplication of connections in the brain during the early months of life.
		C)	coats nerve pathways to facilitate neural communication
		D)	is another term for plasticity.


5	Studies of Romanian orphans suggest that extreme environmental deprivation
		A)	Can permanently stunt the growth of a child's brain.
		B)	Can lead to neurological abnormalities and developmental delays, but these may be overcome by an improved environment.
		C)	Has no effect on brain growth, which is controlled by maturation.
		D)	none of the above; studies of environmental effects on the human brain cannot be done for ethical reasons.


6	It appears that the first sense to develop is
		A)	sight
		B)	hearing
		C)	touch
		D)	taste


7	An infant's vision typically becomes 20/20 by about the
		A)	third day
		B)	fourth week
		C)	third month
		D)	sixth month


8	The ability of newborns to differentiate between patterns is predictive of their
		A)	intelligence
		B)	artistic talent
		C)	visual acuity
		D)	independence


9	Which of the following tastes would most newborns prefer?
		A)	pure water
		B)	sugar solution
		C)	lemon juice
		D)	none of the above; newborns cannot discriminate among these tastes


10	All but which of the following statements about infants' hearing are true?
		A)	Newborns show signs of having heard sounds in the womb.
		B)	Hearing improves immediately after birth.
		C)	A 3-day-old baby can distinguish the mother's voice from a stranger's.
		D)	Auditory discrimination at 4 months predicts IQ at 5 years.


11	All but which of the following are present in newborns?
		A)	precision grip
		B)	directional smell
		C)	visual preference
		D)	auditory discrimination


12	According to Esther Thelen, early motor development
		A)	is largely automatic
		B)	is controlled by the brain's maturation
		C)	reflects a shift from subcortical to cortical activity
		D)	results from problem solving in a physical and social context


13	A child's failure to pass an item on the Denver Developmental Screening Test is considered a sign of developmental delay if what percent of children the same age ordinarily pass it?
		A)	50
		B)	75
		C)	80
		D)	90


14	The average baby begins to roll over purposely at about
		A)	3 weeks
		B)	2 months
		C)	3 months
		D)	5 months


15	Crawling helps to promote "social referencing," meaning that a crawling baby is more likely than one who does not yet crawl to
		A)	interact with other babies
		B)	perceive how near or far away a person or object is
		C)	compare his or her size with that of adults
		D)	look at the mother to check whether a situation is safe


16	Depth perception may be aided by all but which of the following?
		A)	kinetic cues
		B)	binocular cues
		C)	pattern vision
		D)	haptic perception


17	Which of the following is likely to walk earliest?
		A)	African baby
		B)	Asian baby
		C)	American baby
		D)	Mexican baby


18	According to research, which of the following statements about the environment and motor development is true?
		A)	Because many aspects of motor development are genetically programmed, the environment cannot retard it.
		B)	Training 2-month-olds in "stepping" can lead to earlier walking.
		C)	Early training in one ability carries over to other abilities.
		D)	Infant "walkers" have helped many children to walk early.


19	The infant mortality rate in the United States is lower
		A)	than ever before
		B)	among black babies than among white babies
		C)	than in any other industrialized nation
		D)	than the rate in Singapore


20	More than two-thirds of infant deaths occur within how long after birth?
		A)	10 hours
		B)	4 weeks
		C)	3 months
		D)	1 year


21	Research suggests that one causal factor in sudden infant death syndrome may be
		A)	choking
		B)	vomiting
		C)	contagious infection
		D)	parental smoking


22	An infant sharing the "family bed" is likely to be all but which of the following?
		A)	African American
		B)	fed more promptly
		C)	demanding of attention
		D)	vulnerable to sudden infant death syndrome


23	Which of the following statements about immunization is true?
		A)	The incidence of vaccine-preventable illnesses has increased during the 1990s.
		B)	Immunization rates are lower among poor and some minority families.
		C)	Certain vaccines are likely to cause brain damage.
		D)	Vaccines are effective only in children.

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