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A Child's World: Infancy through Adolescence, 9/e
Diane E. Papalia, University of Wisconsin-Madison
Sally Wendkos Olds
Ruth Duskin Feldman

Psychosocial Development during the First Three Years

Chapter Overview

Chapter 8 begins the exploration of psychosocial development with themes that continue, with variations, at each stage of childhood. In this chapter, the authors:
  • Report what is known about infants' emotions and how they show these emotions
  • Discuss the early influences of temperament and the family
  • Present Erikson's theoretical perspectives on the development of trust, the "crisis" of infancy, and autonomy, the "crisis" of toddlerhood.
  • Describe research on the development of attachment, of emotional communication with caregivers, of stranger anxiety and separation anxiety, and of social referencing.
  • Explore developmental issues of toddlerhood, including the emergence of the sense of self, internalization of societal rules, and the origins of conscience.
  • Describe interactions with siblings and other children
  • Assess the impact of early day care on cognitive, emotional, and social development, and identify characteristics of high quality day care