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Life-Span Development Cover
Life-Span Development, 8/e
John W. Santrock, University of Texas - Dallas

Infancy
Physical Development in Infancy

Multiple Choice Quiz

Choose the best answer





1

Which best demonstrates the basic principle of cephalocaudal development?
A)an infant first producing an endogenous smile, then an exogenous smile, then a laugh
B)an infant first being able to raise the head, then sit up, then stand up
C)an infant obtaining visual skills, then olfactory skills, then auditory skills
D)an infant cooing, then babbling, then the first word, then language
2

The proximodistal progression pattern is seen in children's:
A)drawings, which are first done using the entire arm, and eventually using only the wrist and fingers.
B)toileting behavior, which proceeds from urine control to bowel control.
C)head size, which originally comprises about one-fourth of the body, and eventually only one-eighth of the body.
D)memory, which proceeds from sensory store to short-term to long-term store.
3

Which statement most accurately describes height and weight changes during infancy?
A)Both increase more rapidly during the second year than during the first year.
B)Girls increase in height and weight faster than boys do during infancy.
C)The sexes grow at the same rate during infancy.
D)Both height and weight increase more rapidly during the first year than during the second year.
4

Which of the following is NOT one of the characteristics of the infant brain?
A)Increasing experience increases the number of neurons.
B)Increasing experience increases the number of connections between neurons.
C)The dendrites branch out with increasing age.
D)Neurotransmitters change with increasing age.
5

The process of encasing axons with fat cells, which protects nerve cells and helps nerve impulses travel faster, is referred to as:
A)neuronal growth.
B)myelination.
C)lipidation.
D)insulation.
6

6 Charles Nelson has made great strides in finding out about the brain's development in infancy by using:
A)PET scans.
B)MRIs.
C)electrodes.
D)CT scans.
7

The most extensive research on brain lateralization has focused on:
A)language.
B)visual coordination.
C)olfaction.
D)motor coordination.
8

Research on language processing in the brain has found that:
A)virtually all language is carried out in the left hemisphere.
B)virtually all language is carried out in the right hemisphere.
C)in normal people, the complex thinking required to produce language results from communication between both hemispheres.
D)in normal people, tasks involving logical thinking are carried out in the left hemisphere and those involving creative thinking occur in the right hemisphere.
9

Neuroscientists believe that what wires the brain is:
A)genetic heritage.
B)repeated experience.
C)constant stimulation.
D)a delicate balance of proteins and amino acids.
10

Before birth, it appears that:
A)the brain is fully "wired" and ready for action.
B)intrauterine experiences preprogram the brain's development.
C)extrauterine experiences preprogram the brain's development.
D)genes mainly direct how the brain establishes basic wiring patterns.
11

11 If an alien randomly dropped in on ten newborns, it might conclude that humans spend their entire first months of life:
A)eating.
B)crying.
C)playing.
D)sleeping.
12

Which statement most accurately portrays the sleep-wake cycle of infants?
A)Infants sleep less as they grow older.
B)Newborn sleep is reflexive, whereas infant sleep is intentional.
C)Infants eventually sleep more during the day than they do at night.
D)Infants spend less time sleeping than do adults.
13

Cross-cultural research demonstrates that infant sleep patterns around the world:
A)are the same.
B)differ for each culture.
C)may relate to mother-child contact.
D)have been steadily changing as humans evolve.
14

Sleep researchers have found that:
A)infants and adults exhibit very similar patterns of REM sleep.
B)infants engage in more REM sleep than adults.
C)adults engage in more REM sleep than infants.
D)adults enter REM sleep earlier in the sleep cycle than infants do.
15

Since 1992, when the American Academy of Pediatrics began recommending that infants , the frequency of SIDS has decreased.
A)sleep on their stomachs
B)sleep on their backs
C)sleep on their sides
D)do not sleep with their mothers
16

Juan was a low-birthweight infant, while Serge was a premature infant. Which statement applies to them?
A)Neither is vulnerable to SIDS.
B)Juan is less vulnerable to SIDS than Serge.
C)Juan is more vulnerable to SIDS than Serge.
D)Both are vulnerable to SIDS.
17

Infants require about ________ calories a day for each pound they weigh.
A)25
B)50
C)75
D)100
18

Breast-feeding is superior to bottle-feeding because:
A)breast-feeding is more convenient and more adaptable to the time requirements of demand feeding.
B)breast milk is a superior source of the nutrients babies need.
C)bottle-fed infants suffer psychological damage because they become only weakly attached to their mothers.
D)breast-feeding is not superior to bottle-feeding; this is a myth.
19

Which of the following conditions is NOT necessary for a young child to be toilet trained?
A)adequate motivation
B)muscular maturation
C)muscular control
D)a regulated toileting schedule
20

Which statement best characterizes infant reflexes?
A)Reflexes are vestigial remnants of early evolutionary processes.
B)Reflexes are genetically carried survival mechanisms.
C)Modern infants rely more on learning than on reflexes.
D)All reflexes disappear by the end of infancy.
21

The sucking style of an infant is dependent on all of the following EXCEPT:
A)the way the milk is coming out of the bottle or breast.
B)the infant's sucking speed and temperament.
C)the way the infant is held.
D)the nourishment being offered.
22

Charlie turns his head, opens his mouth, and begins sucking when his cheek is stroked. Charlie is demonstrating which reflex?
A)rooting
B)Babinski
C)tonic neck
D)Moro
23

Which infant motor event typically occurs first?
A)stands with support
B)cruises around furniture
C)rolls over
D)sits without support
24

The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that parents:
A)slowly ease their babies into structured exercise regimes.
B)enroll their babies in exercise classes.
C)use exercise sessions as a way to bond with their babies.
D)avoid structured exercise classes for babies.
25

As a researcher who uses the developmental biodynamics perspective, Dr. Sandee would:
A)describe the ages at which various motor achievements are reached.
B)describe universal milestones (e.g., crawling, walking) as a process of adaptation.
C)explain the ages at which various motor achievements are reached as a result of brain maturation.
D)explain the ages at which various motor achievements are reached as a result of maturation of the central nervous system.
26

occurs when information interacts with sensory receptors.
A)Sensation
B)Perception
C)Intermodal perception
D)Perceptual-motor coupling
27

Was William James right when he proclaimed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion?
A)No, because infants display visual preferences.
B)Yes, because infants' visual acuity is less than that of adults.
C)Yes, because infants sense the world but do not perceive it.
D)No, because infants' reflexes allow for organization into perceptual categories.
28

Robert Fantz (1963) found that infants as young as 2 days old:
A)were able to focus on their mothers' eyes.
B)were able to distinguish contour.
C)showed a preference for patterned stimuli over plain stimuli.
D)began to perceive the oval shape of the head.
29

In Gibson and Walk's (1960) experiment, infants placed on one side of a visual cliff refused to go to their mothers who were coaxing them from the other side. This result was cited as evidence for:
A)depth perception.
B)failure of visual acuity.
C)inability to hear at a distance.
D)inability to crawl.
30

What evidence indicates that a fetus can hear?
A)A fetus moves when a loud noise occurs.
B)Newborns prefer their mother's voice to strangers' voices.
C)Hearing is more sensitive and better developed among newborns who have been experimentally stimulated before birth
D)Newborns prefer to hear stories that were read to them in their mother's womb.
31

One current controversy concerning the medical treatment of infants involves:
A)the use of small amounts of cocaine to stimulate the heart rate of sluggish neonates.
B)the rule of now allowing mothers to hold their at-risk low-birthweight neonate immediately after birth.
C)not using any anesthetics when performing surgery on young infants.
D)the fact that a mother's opinion outweighs a father's when it comes to a decision of whether a child should be given a heart transplant.
32

Which of the following smells do infants like the LEAST?
A)vanilla
B)fish
C)their mother's milk
D)strawberries
33

Jessica turned her head when she heard footsteps in the hall, then she smiled when she saw her mother come into the room. This demonstrates _________ perception.
A)depth
B)intermodal
C)auditory
D)visual

Match the following persons with the statement or theory that most closely reflects their perspective:



34

Charles Nelson
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
35

Ernesto Pollitt
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
36

T. Berry Brazelton
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
37

Rachel Clifton
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
38

Esther Thelen
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
39

William James
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
40

Robert Fantz
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
41

Eleanor Gibson
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development
42

Elizabeth Spelke
A)Used looking chambers to see infants' visual preferences
B)Grasping is guided by proprioception rather than vision
C)Used the visual cliff to study infant depth perception
D)Measures babies' brain activity to determine its role in memory development
E)Infants have a biological core knowledge of the perceptual world
F)Pediatrician who observed development of infant sucking
G)Believed that newborns experience a "blooming, buzzing" world of confusion
H)Proponent of developmental biodynamics view of infant motor development
I)Early nutritional supplements have positive long-term effects on cognitive development