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Adolescence, 6/e
Laurence Steinberg, Temple University

Psychosocial Development During Adolescence
Identity

Multiple Choice Quiz



1

How an individual thinks about and characterizes him or her self is referred to as
A)self-esteem
B)self-consciousness
C)self-conception
D)self-image stability
2

In comparison with the self-concepts of young children, adolescent self-concepts are more
A)absolute
B)concrete
C)global
D)differentiated
3

Of the Five-Factor Model of personality, which dimension involves how outgoing and energetic a person is?
A)openness
B)extroversion
C)agreeableness
D)neuroticism
4

How an individual feels about him or her self is referred to as
A)self-esteem
B)self-consciousness
C)self-conception
D)self-image stability
5

Fluctuations in self-image are most likely to occur during
A)preadolescence
B)early adolescence
C)mid-adolescence
D)late adolescence
6

Which aspect of self-esteem contributes more to an adolescent's overall self-image?
A)physical appearance
B)athletic ability
C)academic competence
D)moral conduct
7

Who is likely to have the highest self-esteem?
A)middle class male
B)middle class female
C)lower class male
D)lower class female
8

Research on the connection between academic success and high self-esteem in adolescence suggests that
A)high self-esteem leads to academic success.
B)academic success leads to high self-esteem.
C)there is no link between academic success and self-esteem.
D)it's not possible to investigate this question adequately.
9

To test whether the differences between people from different groups are greater than the differences among people within each group one would use
A)correlation
B)regression
C)frequency distributions
D)analysis of variance
10

If you were interested in studying whether self-esteem is related to delinquent behavior, which type of statistical technique would you use?
A)correlation
B)meta analysis
C)frequency distributions
D)analysis of variance
11

The self-esteem of which group is most keenly influenced by academic success?
A)African American youngsters
B)Native American youngsters
C)Asian American youngsters
D)Hispanic American youngsters
12

According to Erik Erikson, following the formation of an identity, the young adult is faced with the psychosocial crisis:
A)industry vs. inferiority
B)integrity vs. despair
C)intimacy vs. isolation
D)trust vs. mistrust
13

Erikson believed that humans move through a series of _______ psychosocial crises over the course of the life span.
A)five
B)eight
C)ten
D)twelve
14

An incoherent, disjointed and incomplete sense of self is typical of
A)negative identity
B)identity diffusion
C)identity foreclosure
D)identity moratorium
15

The statement, "he'd rather be somebody bad than nobody at all" describes
A)negative identity
B)identity diffusion
C)identity foreclosure
D)identity moratorium
16

Identity formation where an identity is arrived at with little or no exploration and experimentation is referred to as
A)negative identity
B)identity diffusion
C)identity foreclosure
D)identity moratorium
17

A young person inherits the family farm and without much consideration of the options becomes a farmer. He is
A)identity achieved
B)identity diffused
C)identity foreclosed
D)identity moratorium
18

The daughter of the local police chief who repeatedly gets into trouble with the law is a good example of
A)negative identity
B)identity achieved
C)identity foreclosure
D)identity moratorium
19

Who developed the scheme for determining an adolescent's identity status?
A)Susan Harter
B)Erik Erikson
C)James Marcia
D)Jean Phinney
20

Individuals in which identity status category score the highest on measures of anxiety and show the highest levels of conflict with authority?
A)negative identity
B)identity diffusion
C)identity foreclosure
D)identity moratorium
21

Identity achievements between the ages of 18 and 21 appear to be in the area of ________________.
A)romantic relationships
B)male/female roles
C)occupations
D)leisure activities
22

In Phinney's approach to the development of ethnic identity, which alternative involves living within the majority culture but feeling like an outcast?
A)assimilation
B)marginality
C)separation
D)biculturalism
23

________________ refers to the process through which parents attempt to teach their children about their ethnic identity.
A)assimilation
B)code switching
C)racial socialization
D)biculturalism
24

Which of Phinney's alternatives appears to be linked with the healthiest psychosocial development?
A)assimilation
B)marginality
C)separation
D)biculturalism
25

The acceleration of gender socialization in adolescence is argued to be most problematic for
A)males
B)females
C)both males and females
D)neither males nor females
26

In adolescence, androgeny is linked with high self-esteem in
A)males
B)females
C)both males and females
D)neither males nor females
27

According to ______________, girls value intimacy and interpersonal communication as an integral part of their identity development.
A)Phinney
B)Gilligan
C)Marcia
D)Bern
28

Which identity status has been linked with the healthiest psychological and social development?
A)identity diffusion
B)identity foreclosure
C)identity moratorium
D)identity achievement
29

A parenting practice associated with healthy identity development is
A)parental warmth
B)parental constraint
C)parental rejection
D)parental disengagement
30

Adolescents report engaging in false self-behavior least often with
A)dates
B)parents
C)teachers
D)close friends
31

How much an adolescent worries about his or her self-image is referred to as
A)false-self behavior
B)self-image stability
C)barometric self-esteem
D)self-consciousness
32

Whom would you expect to have the greatest difficulties with self image?
A)a 13-year-old male
B)a 17-year-old male
C)a 13-year-old female
D)a 17-year-old female
33

The _____ variable is the variable used to define the groups in a study.
A)categorical
B)independent
C)codependent
D)dependent
34

Personality traits in adolescence appear to be most heavily dependent on
A)biological influences
B)temperamental predispositions
C)biological and environmental factors
D)environmental differences
35

According to Erikson, issues of identity and identity development occur
A)in adolescence only
B)in adolescence and adulthood
C)in childhood and adolescence
D)in each stage of the lifespan