When you have completed this chapter you should be able to: 1. Define organic chemistry.
2. Discuss the covalent bonding behavior of carbon atoms.
3. Define hydrocarbon and alkane and explain why the alkane series of hydrocarbons is so important.
4. Describe how fractional distillation works.
5. Compare the ways in which cracking and polymerization increase the yield of gasoline from petroleum.
6. Discuss the properties of alkane molecules that make oil spills so serious.
7. Compare molecular and structural formulas and explain why the latter are so useful in organic chemistry.
8. Define isomer.
9. Compare saturated and unsaturated compounds and explain why the latter are more reactive.
10. Draw the structural formula of benzene.
11. Explain what is meant by a functional group and list several important functional groups.
12. Distinguish between monomers and polymers and list several examples of polymers.
13. Explain why nylon is called a polyamide and dacron a polyester.
14. Identify carbohydrates and discuss what they are used for by living things.
15. Describe photosynthesis and give the reasons for its importance.
16. Identify lipids and discuss what they are used for by living things.
17. Identify cholesterol and discuss its role in heart disease.
18. Identify proteins and discuss what they are used for by living things.
19. Account for the wide variety of proteins.
20. Explain the importance of soil nitrogen and list the ways in which it is replenished.
21. Describe the structure of the nucleic acid DNA and list the three fundamental attributes of life it is responsible for.
22. Define gene, genome, and chromosome.