Choose the best answer.

1		The rugged character of mountain landscapes is largely the result of __________________.
			A)	folding
			B)	faulting
			C)	stream erosion
			D)	glacier erosion
2		Present-day continents that were once part of Gondwana do not include __________________.
			A)	South America
			B)	Africa
			C)	Australia
			D)	Greenland
3		The crust and the outermost part of the mantle make up the __________________.
			A)	asthenosphere
			B)	outer core
			C)	lithosphere
			D)	Moho
4		As compared with the continents, the ocean floors are ___________________.
			A)	much younger
			B)	much older
			C)	about the same age
			D)	in some places older and in others younger
5		According to the hypothesis of sea-floor spreading, molten rock is rising up along the ____________________.
			A)	trenches that rim the Pacific Ocean
			B)	ridges on the mid-ocean floors
			C)	location of the Tethys Sea
			D)	equator
6		The number of large plates into which the lithosphere is divided is __________________.
			A)	3
			B)	7
			C)	20
			D)	50
7		At a subduction zone _______________.
			A)	the sea floor spreads apart
			B)	one lithospheric plate is forced under another
			C)	molten rock rises to the surface
			D)	new crust is forming
8		The Anders seem to be the result of _______________.
			A)	an oceanic plate sliding under a continental plate
			B)	two continental plates colliding
			C)	two oceanic plates colliding
			D)	an enormous earthquake
9		Scientific observation does not support ________________.
			A)	the principle of uniform change
			B)	Darwin's theory of evolution
			C)	continental drift
			D)	the origin of the earth in 4004 B.C.
10		Radiocarbon dating is based upon the fact that _________________.
			A)	14C is continually being formed in the remains of living things after death
			B)	14C is not radioactive
			C)	the 14C content of the remain of living things depends upon the time in the past when the came into being
			D)	the 14C content of the remains of living things depends upon the time in the past when they died
11		Most fossils are found in _________________.
			A)	volcanic rocks
			B)	metamorphic rocks
			C)	sedimentary rocks that formed from deposits on the floors of shallow seas
			D)	sedimentary rocks that formed from stream deposits
12		The earth was formed _________________.
			A)	in 4004 B.C.
			B)	about 2 million years ago
			C)	about 4.5 billion years ago
			D)	about 10 billion years ago
13		The division of geologic time into eras and periods is based upon ___________________.
			A)	the coming of ice ages
			B)	the disappearance of continents
			C)	biological extinctions
			D)	worldwide flooding
14		The most recent of the following divisions of geologic time is ____________________.
			A)	Precambrian time
			B)	the Paleozoic Era
			C)	the Cenozoic Era
			D)	the Mesozoic Era
15		Darwin's theory of evolution is not _____________________.
			A)	supported by the fossil record
			B)	essential for understanding the biological world
			C)	in accord with the role of DNA in heredity
			D)	disproved by the occurrence of mutations
16		Ancient geologic processes as revealed in Precambrian strata were _____________________.
			A)	primarily volcanic
			B)	primarily glacial
			C)	primarily erosion and sedimentation.
			D)	of the same kinds as those of the present time
17		A bed of coal usually implies that the region was once a __________________.
			A)	desert
			B)	coniferous forest
			C)	swamp
			D)	river bed
18		Dinosaurs were abundant in the __________________.
			A)	Cenozoic
			B)	Mesozoic
			C)	Paleozoic
			D)	Precambrian
19		The Cenozoic Era represents a period _________________.
			A)	of almost continuous tectonic activity
			B)	of relative stability, with erosion and sedimentation the chief geologic processes
			C)	of relatively uniform climate around the world
			D)	in which the reptile was the most advanced form of life
20		During the Ice Age __________________.
			A)	there was a single glacial advance
			B)	there were several glacial advances and retreats
			C)	the entire earth was covered with an ice sheet
			D)	all animal life perished and had to start over again afterward