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1 | |
Human receptors are classified into the types: |
| | A) | sensory and motor receptors |
| | B) | photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors |
| | C) | Pacinian, Meissner, and Ruffini receptors |
| | D) | central, peripheral and sympathetic receptors |
| | E) | mechanical, electrical and gravitational |
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2 | |
Pain receptors are a type of mechanoreceptor. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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3 | |
Proprioreceptors respond to the streching of muscles and are a type of mechanoreceptors. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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4 | |
The eye contains ______. |
| | A) | mechanoreceptors |
| | B) | photoreceptors |
| | C) | chemoreceptors |
| | D) | proprioceptors |
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5 | |
The nose and taste buds contain _____. |
| | A) | mechanoreceptors |
| | B) | photoreceptors |
| | C) | chemoreceptors |
| | D) | proprioceptors |
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6 | |
The ear contains ______. |
| | A) | mechanoreceptors |
| | B) | photoreceptors |
| | C) | chemoreceptors |
| | D) | proprioceptors |
| | E) | no receptors |
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7 | |
______ occurs when a receptor becomes so accustomed to the stimulation that it stops generating impulses. |
| | A) | Olfaction |
| | B) | Sensory accommodation |
| | C) | Sensory adaptation |
| | D) | Sensory amplification |
| | E) | Sensory exhaustion |
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8 | |
The special sense organs include ________ . |
| | A) | taste buds |
| | B) | nose |
| | C) | eye and ear |
| | D) | semicircular canals |
| | E) | all of the above |
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9 | |
Golgi tendon organs play a role in ______. |
| | A) | sight |
| | B) | taste |
| | C) | stretch detection |
| | D) | adaptation |
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10 | |
The sense of knowing the position of the limbs is called ______. |
| | A) | proprioception |
| | B) | adaptation |
| | C) | reflex |
| | D) | isolation |
| | E) | stasis |
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11 | |
Skin contains receptors for ____________. |
| | A) | touch |
| | B) | pressure |
| | C) | pain |
| | D) | temperature |
| | E) | all of the above |
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12 | |
Receptors for a particular sensation, such as touch, are spread evenly throughout the skin surface. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The sense of fine touch is due to ___________. |
| | A) | Pacinian corpuscles |
| | B) | Meissner corpuscles and Merkel disks |
| | C) | end-bulbs of Krause |
| | D) | Ruffini end organs |
| | E) | all of the above |
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14 | |
Pain receptors ______________. |
| | A) | are highly specialized nerve endings |
| | B) | are free nerve endings |
| | C) | have unique neurotransmitters and neuron paths |
| | D) | are perceived independently from the brain |
| | E) | all of the above are true |
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15 | |
Taste and smell are called the ______ senses. |
| | A) | physical |
| | B) | variable |
| | C) | chemical |
| | D) | gradient |
| | E) | least critical |
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16 | |
Taste buds are located primarily on the ______. |
| | A) | upper palate |
| | B) | tongue |
| | C) | gums |
| | D) | turbinates of the nose |
| | E) | uvula |
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17 | |
Taste buds are pockets of cells that ____________. |
| | A) | lie flat on the surface of the tongue epithelium |
| | B) | extend through tongue epithelium and open at a taste pore |
| | C) | lie along the walls of papillae |
| | D) | lack microvilli |
| | E) | all of the above |
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18 | |
Taste buds are embedded in tongue epithelium and open at ______. |
| | A) | papillae |
| | B) | taste pores |
| | C) | bitter, sweet, sour or salty receptors |
| | D) | microvilli |
| | E) | pseudopodia |
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19 | |
The _________ bear receptor proteins for certain molecules; when molecules bind to these receptor proteins, nerve impulses are generated in associated sensory nerve fibers that are interpreted in the brain as tastes. |
| | A) | Pacinian corpuscles |
| | B) | thermoreceptors |
| | C) | taste pores |
| | D) | papillae |
| | E) | microvilli |
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20 | |
The types of tastes are ____________. |
| | A) | hot, bland, sweet and sour |
| | B) | gradations between sweet and bitter |
| | C) | bitter, sour, sweet and salty |
| | D) | all actually types of smell |
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21 | |
The sense of smell is dependent on ______ cells. |
| | A) | optic |
| | B) | auditory |
| | C) | olfactory |
| | D) | proprioceptor |
| | E) | odiferous |
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22 | |
There are many different types of olfactory cells and the smell we perceive depends upon the combination of olfactory cells that are stimulated. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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23 | |
Taste cells and olfactory cells work together to give a combined sense of taste and smell. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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24 | |
The layers of the eyeball are ________. |
| | A) | the sclera |
| | B) | the choroid |
| | C) | the retina |
| | D) | all of the above |
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25 | |
The sclera __________. |
| | A) | refracts light rays |
| | B) | regulates light entrance |
| | C) | makes color vision possible |
| | D) | protects the eyeball as a fibrous border |
| | E) | detects black and white |
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26 | |
The choroid __________. |
| | A) | refracts light rays |
| | B) | absorbs stray light rays |
| | C) | transmits impulses to the brain |
| | D) | makes color vision possible |
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27 | |
The ciliary body controls the lens shape for near and far vision. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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28 | |
The iris __________. |
| | A) | regulates light entrance through the pupil |
| | B) | refracts light rays |
| | C) | absorbs stray light rays |
| | D) | contains receptors for sight |
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29 | |
The posterior cavity of the eye behind the lens is filled with a viscous material called the _________ humor. |
| | A) | aqueous |
| | B) | vitreous |
| | C) | optic |
| | D) | sensa |
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30 | |
The anterior cavity between the cornea and the lens is filled with an alkaline, watery solution called the ______ humor. |
| | A) | aqueous |
| | B) | vitreous |
| | C) | optic |
| | D) | sensa |
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31 | |
When a person has ______, drainage ducts are blocked, and aqueous humor builds up. |
| | A) | cataracts |
| | B) | astigmatism |
| | C) | glaucoma |
| | D) | fovea centralis |
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32 | |
The buildup of aqueous humor due to glaucoma causes blindness by backing up and covering the lens of the eye. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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33 | |
The sense receptor(s) for vision are the _____________. |
| | A) | retinocytes |
| | B) | rods and cones |
| | C) | optic nerves |
| | D) | optometric fovea |
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34 | |
The retina contains the ___________. |
| | A) | bipolar cells |
| | B) | ganglionic cells |
| | C) | rods and cones |
| | D) | all of the above |
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35 | |
The ganglionic cells have axons that become the ______ nerve. |
| | A) | optic |
| | B) | auditory |
| | C) | olfactory |
| | D) | proprioceptor |
| | E) | odiferous |
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36 | |
The bipolar cells contain light-sensitive pigments. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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37 | |
In sight, a nerve impulse travels from the ____________. |
| | A) | ganglionic cells to bipolar cells to rods and cones |
| | B) | rods and cones to bipolar cells to ganglionic cells |
| | C) | bipolar cells to rods and cones to ganglionic cells |
| | D) | rods and cones to ganglionic cells to bipolar cells |
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38 | |
When the optic nerve exits the back of the eye, the ______ is/are formed. |
| | A) | bipolar cells |
| | B) | fovea centralis |
| | C) | optic nerve |
| | D) | blind spot |
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39 | |
There are many more ganglionic cells than rods and cones. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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40 | |
There are no rods or cones where the optic nerve passes through the retina; therefore this is a spot where vision is weaker. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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41 | |
The retina contains an oval, yellowish area with a depression in which there are only cones called the __________. |
| | A) | optic nerve |
| | B) | fovea centralis |
| | C) | pupil |
| | D) | choroid |
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42 | |
The fovea centralis is responsible for ___________. |
| | A) | glaucoma |
| | B) | accommodation |
| | C) | blindness |
| | D) | acute vision |
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43 | |
Only the __________ contains receptors for vision. |
| | A) | fovea centralis |
| | B) | blind spot |
| | C) | retina |
| | D) | ganglionic cell layer |
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44 | |
When we look at an object, an image of the object is focused on the ______. |
| | A) | optic nerve |
| | B) | fovea centralis |
| | C) | pupil |
| | D) | choroid |
| | E) | retina |
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45 | |
To view distant objects, the lens ____________. |
| | A) | flattens |
| | B) | rounds up |
| | C) | enlarges |
| | D) | constricts |
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46 | |
The shape of the lens is controlled by the ______ muscle. |
| | A) | optic |
| | B) | fovea centralis |
| | C) | pupillary |
| | D) | ciliary |
| | E) | musculolensmatic |
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47 | |
Close work may result in eyestrain because of constant ______ of the ciliary muscle. |
| | A) | transmission |
| | B) | contraction |
| | C) | astigmatism |
| | D) | focusing |
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48 | |
With aging, the lens loses some of its elasticity and is unable to _____________. |
| | A) | accommodate |
| | B) | relay nerve impulses |
| | C) | correct |
| | D) | remain transparent |
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49 | |
At present, surgery is the only viable treatment for cataracts of the eye. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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50 | |
The image formed on the retina is inverted. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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51 | |
Rods ___________. |
| | A) | detect color |
| | B) | are more numerous but many share the same ganglionic cell, making the image blurred |
| | C) | do not contain rhodopsin found only in cones |
| | D) | are equal in density with cones |
| | E) | build a receptive field evenly so the more rods stimulated, the stronger the visual image |
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52 | |
Rhodopsin contains _________. |
| | A) | opsin and retinal |
| | B) | vitamin A and ATP |
| | C) | red, blue and green pigments |
| | D) | lightwaves |
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53 | |
Cones ____________. |
| | A) | are located primarily in the fovea centralis |
| | B) | contain variations on the retinal and opsin molecules |
| | C) | detect fine detail and color |
| | D) | all of the above |
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54 | |
Color vision has been shown to depend on the three kinds of cones that contain pigments sensitive to _____________ light. |
| | A) | red, white and blue |
| | B) | yellow, green and red |
| | C) | violet, orange and pink |
| | D) | black, white and colored |
| | E) | blue, green, and red |
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55 | |
Persons who can see close objects, but cannot see distant objects clearly, are said to _____________. |
| | A) | be nearsighted |
| | B) | be farsighted |
| | C) | have astigmatism |
| | D) | have cataracts |
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56 | |
When the cornea or lens is uneven, and light rays cannot be evenly focused on the retina, causing a fuzzy image to form, the person is said to ______________. |
| | A) | be nearsighted |
| | B) | be farsighted |
| | C) | have astigmatism |
| | D) | have cataracts |
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57 | |
The ear functions for ___________. |
| | A) | balance (equilibrium) |
| | B) | hearing |
| | C) | both balance (equilibrium) and hearing |
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58 | |
The receptors for hearing and equilibrium are located in the _________ ear. |
| | A) | inner |
| | B) | outer |
| | C) | middle |
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59 | |
The ear has _______________. |
| | A) | four divisions: outer, medial, maximal and auditory |
| | B) | four divisions: males, incus, stapes and cochlear |
| | C) | three divisions: outer, middle and inner |
| | D) | two divisions: outer and inner |
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60 | |
The auditory canal in the ear is lined with fine hairs and sweat glands that secrete _________. |
| | A) | aqueous humor |
| | B) | earwax |
| | C) | cochlear fluid |
| | D) | eustachian fluid |
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61 | |
The bony wall found at the end of the middle ear has ____________. |
| | A) | the three ossicles: malleus, incus and stapes |
| | B) | tympanic membrane |
| | C) | an oval window and a round window |
| | D) | no openings but is solid |
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62 | |
The small bones located in the middle ear, known collectively as the ossicles, include: |
| | A) | tympanum, oval and round windows. |
| | B) | pinna, vestibule and eustachian. |
| | C) | malleus, incus, and stapes. |
| | D) | ossicles I, II and III. |
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63 | |
Chewing gum, yawning, and swallowing in elevators and airplanes help to move air through the ______ tubes, which equalizes air pressure upon ascent and descent. |
| | A) | optic |
| | B) | tympanic |
| | C) | cochlear |
| | D) | auditory (eustachian) |
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64 | |
The outer ear and middle ear contain air, and the inner ear is filled with fluid. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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65 | |
The inner ear is divided into _____________. |
| | A) | two areas, the semicircular and fully circular canals |
| | B) | three areas: the semicircular canals, the vestibule and the cochlea |
| | C) | four areas: ampulla, utricle, saccule, and organ of Corti |
| | D) | five areas: three semicircular canals and the utricle and saccule |
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66 | |
The base of each of the three semicircular canals in the ear is called the ______. |
| | A) | eustachian |
| | B) | ampulla |
| | C) | spiral organ (organ of Corti) |
| | D) | otolith |
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67 | |
In the ear, the utricle and the saccule are located in the ______. |
| | A) | eustachian tube |
| | B) | semicircular canal |
| | C) | spiral organ (organ of Corti) |
| | D) | vestibule |
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68 | |
In the ear, hair cells with cilia are found in the utricle and the saccule. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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69 | |
The canals contained in the spiral-shaped tubular cochlea include _____________. |
| | A) | the vestibular, cochlear, and tympanic canals |
| | B) | the utricle and saccule |
| | C) | all branches of the organ of Corti |
| | D) | the eustachian canal and the eerie canal |
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70 | |
In the ear, the ___________ membrane forms the lower wall of the cochlear canal. |
| | A) | semicircular |
| | B) | tectorial |
| | C) | tympanic |
| | D) | basilar |
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71 | |
In the ear, the hair cells of the cochlear canal plus the tectorial membrane are called the __________. |
| | A) | eustachian tube |
| | B) | semicircular canal |
| | C) | spiral organ (organ of Corti) |
| | D) | vestibule |
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72 | |
The function of the organ of Corti in the ear is to ___________. |
| | A) | protect the eardrum |
| | B) | send nerve impulses to the cerebrum |
| | C) | direct sound waves to the tympanic membrane |
| | D) | balance air pressure on both sides of the tympanum |
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73 | |
The difference in a low pitch and a high pitch sound is in the _______. |
| | A) | intensity of the stimulus |
| | B) | amplitude of sound waves |
| | C) | region of the basilar membrane that is vibrated |
| | D) | person's learning experience |
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74 | |
The sense of balance includes ___________ equilibrium. |
| | A) | horizontal and vertical |
| | B) | auditory |
| | C) | dynamic and static |
| | D) | amplitude and pitch |
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75 | |
___________ equilibrium is required when the body is moving. |
| | A) | Horizontal |
| | B) | Vertical |
| | C) | Dynamic |
| | D) | Static |
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76 | |
In the ear, when the cilia of the hair cells bend, nerve impulses travel to the oval window. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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77 | |
One form of motion sickness results because of continuous movement of __________ in the ear. |
| | A) | fluid in the semicircular canals |
| | B) | otoliths in the utricle and saccule |
| | C) | gelatinous material in the ampullae |
| | D) | air in the eustachian tube |
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78 | |
Movement of the otoliths within the utricle and the saccule is important for static equilibrium in the ear. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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79 | |
The process of hearing begins when sound waves enter the ___________. |
| | A) | auditory canal |
| | B) | middle ear |
| | C) | inner ear |
| | D) | cochlea |
| | E) | eustachian tube |
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80 | |
In the cochlea, the pressure waves move from the vestibular canal to the round window to the tympanic canal. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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81 | |
Each part of the organ of Corti is sensitive to different wave frequencies, or ______. |
| | A) | intensity |
| | B) | tone |
| | C) | pitch |
| | D) | quality |
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82 | |
Loud noises cause the fluid of the cochlea to vibrate ___________. |
| | A) | to a lesser degree |
| | B) | to a greater degree |
| | C) | there is no effect on degree of vibration |
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83 | |
Increased stimulation of the basilar membrane is interpreted by the brain as volume. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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84 | |
Older people are more likely than young persons to have trouble hearing. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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