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33.1 Scope of Ecology

  • Ecology is the study of the interactions of organisms with each other and the physical environment.
  • The study of ecology encompasses the individual, the population, the community, the ecosystem, and the biosphere.
  • Abiotic and biotic factors influence community composition and diversity.
  • Ecological succession is a change in species composition and community structure and organization over time.
  1. How does primary succession differ from secondary succession?
    Answer

Essential Study Partner
    Introduction
    Organization
    Succession

General Biology Weblinks
    Ecology

33.2 Patterns of Population Growth

  • Population size depends upon births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.
  • Two patterns of population growth (exponential and logistic) have been developed.
  • Mortality within a population is often illustrated by a survivorship curve.
  • The human population is still growing exponentially, and how long this can continue is not known.
  1. How does environmental resistance influence the rate of growth of a population?
    Answer

  2. What is a demographic transition?
    Answer

Essential Study Partner
    Introduction
    Characteristics
    Growth
    Human Population
    Control of Human Populations

Art Quizzes
    Two Models of Population Growth
    Survivorship Curves
    History of Human Population Size
    Population Pyramids from 1990
    Geometric and Arithmetic Progressions

Animation Quizzes
    Exponential Population Growth
    Stages of Population Growth

33.3 Regulation of Population Growth

  • Life history patterns range from one in which many young receive little care to one in which few young receive much care.
  • Factors that affect population size are classified as density-independent and density-dependent.
  • Competition often leads to resource partitioning, which reduces competition between species.
  • Predation often reduces prey population density, which in turn can lead to a reduction in predator population density.
  • Symbiotic relationships include parasitism, commensalism, and mutualism.
  1. Does competition tend to lead toward competitive exclusion or resource partitioning?
    Answer

  2. What is coevolution?
    Answer

Essential Study Partner
    Size Regulation
    Life History

Art Quizzes
    Competition and Niches
    Predator-Prey Cycle








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