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1 | |
What is the outer boundary of the cell? |
| | A) | cell wall |
| | B) | plasma membrane |
| | C) | nuclear membrane |
| | D) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | nucleolus |
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2 | |
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an animal plasma membrane? |
| | A) | provides mechanical strength |
| | B) | provides mechanical shape |
| | C) | responsible for the synthesis of ATP |
| | D) | maintains cellular homeostasis |
| | E) | regulates passage of molecules into and out of the cell |
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3 | |
Which of the following describes the fluid-mosaic model of the plasma membrane structure? |
| | A) | phospholipid monolayer with embedded proteins |
| | B) | phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins |
| | C) | phospholipid trilayer with embedded proteins |
| | D) | triglyceride bilayer with embedded proteins |
| | E) | triglyceride monolayer with embedded proteins |
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4 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding the plasma membrane structure? |
| | A) | Protein molecules may be partially or wholly embedded. |
| | B) | Protein molecules are localized toward one side of the cell. |
| | C) | Phospholipids form a bilayer. |
| | D) | Phospholipids have a fluid consistency. |
| | E) | The head of the phospholipid molecule is attracted toward water. |
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5 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane? |
| | A) | Each phospholipid molecule has four nonpolar tails. |
| | B) | Each phospholipid molecule has one polar head. |
| | C) | The phospholipid heads are attracted to water. |
| | D) | The phospholipid tails are not attracted to water. |
| | E) | The phospholipid heads face outward. |
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6 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the phospholipid molecules in the plasma membrane? |
| | A) | The polar heads face outward. |
| | B) | The nonpolar tails face inward. |
| | C) | The polar heads are hydrophobic. |
| | D) | The nonpolar tails are hydrophobic. |
| | E) | The phospholipids form a bilayer. |
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7 | |
Which of the following molecules would NOT be found in animal plasma membranes? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | phospholipids |
| | C) | glycolipids |
| | D) | cholesterols |
| | E) | nucleic acids |
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8 | |
Which molecule in animal plasma membranes reduces the permeability of the membrane to most biological molecules? |
| | A) | proteins |
| | B) | phospholipids |
| | C) | glycolipids |
| | D) | cholesterol |
| | E) | nucleic acid |
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9 | |
All proteins located on the external surface of the plasma membrane are solidly held in place by cytoskeleton filaments. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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10 | |
The various functions of the plasma membrane are largely determined by the plasma membrane proteins. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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11 | |
The basic structure of the plasma membrane is determined by the proteins present. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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12 | |
Phospholipids have hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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13 | |
The phospholipid bilayer has a solid consistency. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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14 | |
Which type of protein in the plasma membrane has carbohydrate attached to it so that cells can be distinguished from each other? |
| | A) | carrier protein |
| | B) | channel protein |
| | C) | cell-recognition protein |
| | D) | receptor protein |
| | E) | enzymatic protein |
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15 | |
If a particular protein was identified in the plasma membrane to cause organ transplant rejection, such a protein would be considered a(an) ______ protein. |
| | A) | carrier |
| | B) | channel |
| | C) | cell-recognition |
| | D) | receptor |
| | E) | enzymatic |
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16 | |
Which protein is used to identify the cell? |
| | A) | adenylate cyclase |
| | B) | MHC (major histocompatibility complex) protein |
| | C) | sodium-potassium pump protein |
| | D) | chloride ion channel protein |
| | E) | hemoglobin |
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17 | |
A failure of the ______ protein can result in cystic fibrosis. |
| | A) | cell-recognition |
| | B) | channel |
| | C) | carrier |
| | D) | receptor |
| | E) | enzymatic |
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18 | |
A ______ protein allows a particular molecule or ion to freely cross the plasma membrane as it enters or exits the cell. |
| | A) | cell-recognition |
| | B) | carrier |
| | C) | receptor |
| | D) | enzymatic |
| | E) | channel |
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19 | |
A ______ protein combines with a substance and helps to move it across the membrane. |
| | A) | carrier |
| | B) | channel |
| | C) | cell-recognition |
| | D) | receptor |
| | E) | enzymatic |
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20 | |
A ______ protein has a specific shape such that only a particular molecule can bind to it. |
| | A) | enzymatic |
| | B) | receptor |
| | C) | cell-recognition |
| | D) | channel |
| | E) | carrier |
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21 | |
A hormone such as insulin acts by attaching to _____ proteins in the plasma membrane and increasing the glucose carriers present. |
| | A) | receptor |
| | B) | enzymatic |
| | C) | carrier |
| | D) | channel |
| | E) | cell-recognition |
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22 | |
Sodium and potassium ions are transported across the plasma membrane by a ______ protein. |
| | A) | cell-recognition |
| | B) | channel |
| | C) | carrier |
| | D) | receptor |
| | E) | enzymatic |
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23 | |
Pygmies are short because |
| | A) | they do not produce enough growth hormone. |
| | B) | they produce too much growth hormone. |
| | C) | their plasma membrane growth hormone channel proteins cannot interact with the hormone. |
| | D) | their plasma membrane growth hormone carrier proteins cannot interact with the hormone. |
| | E) | their plasma membrane growth hormone receptors cannot interact with the hormone. |
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24 | |
A(An) ______ protein in the plasma membrane carries out metabolic reactions. |
| | A) | carrier |
| | B) | receptor |
| | C) | enzymatic |
| | D) | channel |
| | E) | cell-recognition |
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25 | |
Which statement best describes the plasma membrane? |
| | A) | It is freely permeable to all substances. |
| | B) | It is selectively permeable to certain substances. |
| | C) | It is nonpermeable to all substances. |
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26 | |
Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the plasma membrane? |
| | A) | Small noncharged molecules easily cross the membrane. |
| | B) | Lipid molecules have little difficulty in crossing the plasma membrane. |
| | C) | Charged molecules and ions readily move from inside the cell to outside the cell. |
| | D) | Carbon dioxide follows its concentration gradient as it exits a cell. |
| | E) | Oxygen readily follows its concentration gradient as it enters a cell. |
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27 | |
Which of the following is NOT an active method where molecules pass across the plasma membrane? |
| | A) | simple diffusion |
| | B) | active transport |
| | C) | endocytosis |
| | D) | exocytosis |
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28 | |
Lipid-soluble molecules, such as alcohols, cannot diffuse through the plasma membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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29 | |
The greater the amount of lipid in a molecule, the easier it is for that molecule to pass through a plasma membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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30 | |
The plasma membrane, because of the channel proteins, is said to be freely permeable. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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31 | |
Macromolecules can freely cross a plasma membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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32 | |
Pinocytosis is a type of ______. |
| | A) | endocytosis |
| | B) | exocytosis |
| | C) | active transport |
| | D) | simple diffusion |
| | E) | facilitated diffusion |
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33 | |
______ is the net movement of any type of molecule from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. |
| | A) | Osmosis |
| | B) | Diffusion |
| | C) | Facilitated diffusion |
| | D) | Active transport |
| | E) | Pinocytosis |
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34 | |
Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to diffusion? |
| | A) | Diffusion continues even after the molecules are distributed equally. |
| | B) | Diffusion is a physical process. |
| | C) | Diffusion is a passive process. |
| | D) | Molecules move from higher to lower concentration. |
| | E) | Diffusion does not necessarily require a membrane. |
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35 | |
Crystals of dye, when placed in a beaker of water, eventually spread evenly throughout the water. This is an example of ______. |
| | A) | pinocytosis |
| | B) | phagocytosis |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | facilitated diffusion |
| | E) | simple diffusion |
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36 | |
A dye is dissolved in water. The ______ is the solute and the solvent is the ______ molecules. |
| | A) | water, dye |
| | B) | dye, water |
| | C) | dye, dye |
| | D) | water, water |
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37 | |
Lipid-soluble molecules and gases enter the cell by ______. |
| | A) | diffusion through the channel proteins |
| | B) | osmosis through the channel proteins |
| | C) | diffusion through the lipid bilayer |
| | D) | osmosis through the lipid bilayer |
| | E) | active transport through the lipid bilayer |
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38 | |
Oxygen enters the blood from the alveoli in the lungs by the process of ______. |
| | A) | phagocytosis |
| | B) | active transport |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | diffusion |
| | E) | facilitated diffusion |
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39 | |
Oxygen ______ the air sacs(alveoli) of the lungs (relative to the surrounding blood) whereas carbon dioxide ______ the air sacs from the blood supplying the lungs. |
| | A) | enters, leaves |
| | B) | leaves, enters |
| | C) | enters, enters |
| | D) | leaves, leaves |
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40 | |
Water passes into and out of cells through the ______. |
| | A) | phospholipid bilayer |
| | B) | water carrier proteins |
| | C) | special water channel proteins |
| | D) | water receptor proteins |
| | E) | cell-recognition proteins |
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41 | |
The diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane is called ______. |
| | A) | simple diffusion |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | exocytosis |
| | E) | endocytosis |
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42 | |
Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. Which of the following conditions must NOT exist for water to enter the tube by osmosis? |
| | A) | A differentially permeable membrane must separate the two solutions. |
| | B) | The beaker must have less water per unit volume than in the tube. |
| | C) | The membrane must not permit passage of the solute. |
| | D) | The membrane must permit the passage of water. |
| | E) | An osmotic pressure must be present. |
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43 | |
Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially permeable membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. What will happen to the water? |
| | A) | Water will only enter the thistle tube. |
| | B) | Water will only leave the thistle tube. |
| | C) | Their will be no net water movement. |
| | D) | More water will enter the thistle tube than leave the thistle tube. |
| | E) | More water will leave the thistle tube than enter the thistle tube. |
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44 | |
A thistle tube containing a 5% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially permeable membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 10% sugar solution. What will happen to the volume in the thistle tube? |
| | A) | It will decrease in volume. |
| | B) | It will increase in volume. |
| | C) | It will remain the same. |
| | D) | It will initially decrease in volume and then increase. |
| | E) | It will initially increase in volume and then decrease. |
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45 | |
A 10% sugar solution will contain ______. |
| | A) | 0.10 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water |
| | B) | 1.0 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water |
| | C) | 10.0 grams of sugar in 100 mL of water |
| | D) | 1.0 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water |
| | E) | 10.0 grams of sugar in 1000 mL of water |
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46 | |
Suppose a thistle tube containing a 10% sugar solution is covered at one end by a differentially permeable membrane and is placed in a beaker containing a 5% sugar solution. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? |
| | A) | As water enters the thistle tube, fluid pressure builds up inside the tube. |
| | B) | Given enough time, the net movement of water entering the thistle tube will cease. |
| | C) | Given enough time, the fluid pressure will become greater than the osmotic pressure inside the thistle tube. |
| | D) | Initially, the concentration of water molecules is greater per volume outside the thistle tube than inside the thistle tube. |
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47 | |
Tonicity refers to the ______. |
| | A) | air pressure in an experiment |
| | B) | strength of a muscle contraction |
| | C) | strength of a solution in relationship to pinocytosis |
| | D) | strength of a solution in relationship to osmosis |
| | E) | strength of a solution in relationship to active transport |
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48 | |
Which type of solution will have the same solute concentration on both sides of the cell membrane? |
| | A) | isotonic |
| | B) | hypertonic |
| | C) | hypotonic |
| | D) | hygrotonic solution |
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49 | |
Which type of solution will cause cells to swell, or even to burst? |
| | A) | isotonic solution |
| | B) | hypotonic solution |
| | C) | hypertonic solution |
| | D) | hygrotonic solution |
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50 | |
Which type of solution will have a higher percentage of solute than the cell? |
| | A) | isotonic solution |
| | B) | hypotonic solution |
| | C) | hypertonic solution |
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51 | |
Which type of solution has a lower percentage of solute than the cell? |
| | A) | isotonic solution |
| | B) | hypotonic solution |
| | C) | hypertonic solution |
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52 | |
Which type of solution will cause cells to shrink or to shrivel? |
| | A) | isotonic solution |
| | B) | hypotonic solution |
| | C) | hypertonic solution |
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53 | |
Which type of solution will cause an increase in turgor pressure? |
| | A) | isotonic solution |
| | B) | hypotonic solution |
| | C) | hypertonic solution |
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54 | |
Which type of pressure is responsible for the maintenance of a plant's erect position? |
| | A) | turgor pressure |
| | B) | osmotic pressure |
| | C) | active transport pressure |
| | D) | pinocytotic pressure |
| | E) | plasmolysis |
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55 | |
Which organelle in a plant cell fills with water as turgor pressure develops? |
| | A) | nucleus |
| | B) | endoplasmic reticulum |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | lysosome |
| | E) | central vacuole |
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56 | |
Which structure prevents the plant cell from bursting when placed in a hypotonic solution? |
| | A) | central vacuole |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | cell wall |
| | E) | plasma membrane |
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57 | |
Which term describes the condition of red blood cells when placed in a hypertonic solution? |
| | A) | hemolysis |
| | B) | plasmolysis |
| | C) | crenation |
| | D) | turgor pressure |
| | E) | osmotic pressure |
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58 | |
Which term best describes the condition of red blood cells when placed in a hypotonic solution? |
| | A) | hemolysis |
| | B) | plasmolysis |
| | C) | crenation |
| | D) | turgor pressure |
| | E) | osmotic pressure |
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59 | |
Which term best describes the condition of plant cells when placed in a hypertonic solution? |
| | A) | hemolysis |
| | B) | plasmolysis |
| | C) | crenation |
| | D) | turgor pressure |
| | E) | osmotic pressure |
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60 | |
Which of the following conditions results in chloroplasts being seen in the center of a plant cell rather than at the periphery? |
| | A) | hemolysis |
| | B) | plasmolysis |
| | C) | crenation |
| | D) | turgor pressure |
| | E) | hypotonic solution |
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61 | |
Which of the following solutions is isotonic to red blood cells? |
| | A) | 0.5% NaCl |
| | B) | 0.9% NaCl |
| | C) | 1.5% NaCl |
| | D) | 2.5% NaCl |
| | E) | 5.5% NaCl |
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62 | |
Which of the following solutions is hypotonic to red blood cells? |
| | A) | 0.5% NaCl |
| | B) | 0.9% NaCl |
| | C) | 1.5% NaCl |
| | D) | 2.5% NaCl |
| | E) | 5.5% NaCl |
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63 | |
Which of the following solutions is hypertonic for red blood cells? |
| | A) | 0.010% NaCl |
| | B) | 0.10% NaCl |
| | C) | 0.5% NaCl |
| | D) | 0.9% NaCl |
| | E) | 1.0% NaCl |
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64 | |
Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? |
| | A) | hypertonic--10% NaCl solution for RBC |
| | B) | hypotonic--0.10% NaCl solution for RBC |
| | C) | osmosis--salt crosses the membrane |
| | D) | turgor pressure--central vacuole |
| | E) | diffusion--carbon dioxide crosses the membrane |
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65 | |
Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to facilitated transport? |
| | A) | carrier proteins bind to molecules irreversibly |
| | B) | transports molecules down the concentration gradient |
| | C) | does not require ATP |
| | D) | transports molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side |
| | E) | transports molecules through the membrane much faster than simple diffusion |
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66 | |
Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to facilitated transport? |
| | A) | requires specific carrier proteins |
| | B) | transports molecules down the concentration gradient |
| | C) | requires the expenditure of energy |
| | D) | transports molecules from one side of the membrane to the other side |
| | E) | transports molecules through the membrane much faster than simple diffusion |
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67 | |
The greater the possible osmotic pressure, the more likely water will diffuse in that direction. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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68 | |
Regarding osmosis, the amount of liquid increases on the side of the membrane with the greater percentage of solute. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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69 | |
Diffusion will cease once both solute and solvent molecules are evenly distributed. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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70 | |
Passage of molecules across the plasma membrane by passive ways involves the use of energy. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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71 | |
Which of the following processes uses a carrier protein and ATP? |
| | A) | simple diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | facilitated diffusion |
| | D) | active transport |
| | E) | endocytosis |
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72 | |
Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to active transport? |
| | A) | requires ATP |
| | B) | transports molecules from a high to low concentration area |
| | C) | requires a carrier protein |
| | D) | carrier proteins bind reversibly to transported substances |
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73 | |
Upon observation of an electron micrograph, a scientist noted a large number of mitochondria near a plasma membrane within a particular cell. The scientist would probably hypothesize that the cell used energy for ______ purposes. |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | facilitated diffusion |
| | D) | active transport |
| | E) | phagocytosis |
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74 | |
Why are proteins involved in active transport often called "pumps"? |
| | A) | They use energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient. |
| | B) | They use energy to move a substance with its concentration gradient. |
| | C) | They use energy to bind the substance to the carrier. |
| | D) | They use energy to dislodge the substance from the carrier. |
| | E) | They cause the plasma membrane to invaginate like a pump that pulls up water against the force of gravity. |
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75 | |
Which process will transport sodium ions to the outside of the cell and potassium ions to the inside of the cell? |
| | A) | simple diffusion |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | active transport |
| | E) | pinocytosis |
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76 | |
The sodium-potassium pump is considered to be a(an) ______ process. |
| | A) | simple diffusion |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | pinocytotic |
| | E) | active transport |
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77 | |
The passage of salt (Na+Cl-) across a plasma membrane is of primary importance in cells. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? |
| | A) | Sodium ions are first pumped across the membrane. |
| | B) | Chloride ions then diffuse through a channel toward the sodium ions. |
| | C) | The negatively charged chloride ions are attracted toward the positively charged sodium ions. |
| | D) | Chloride ions are first pumped across the membrane and then the sodium ions diffuse through a channel. |
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78 | |
Which of the following processes does NOT use a carrier protein to transport substances across the plasma membrane? |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | sodium-potassium pump |
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79 | |
A particular carrier protein within the plasma membrane can transport any molecule through the plasma membrane. |
| | A) | True |
| | B) | False |
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80 | |
Which of the following transport processes will form a vesicle? |
| | A) | diffusion |
| | B) | facilitated diffusion |
| | C) | osmosis |
| | D) | active transport |
| | E) | phagocytosis |
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81 | |
Which of the following transport processes will utilize the Golgi apparatus? |
| | A) | osmosis |
| | B) | pinocytosis |
| | C) | phagocytosis |
| | D) | exocytosis |
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82 | |
Which of the following processes can be seen with the light microscope? |
| | A) | active transport |
| | B) | pinocytosis |
| | C) | phagocytosis |
| | D) | osmosis |
| | E) | facilitated diffusion |
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83 | |
Pinocytotic vesicles or phagocytotic vesicles often fuse with a ______ inside the cell for digestion. |
| | A) | mitochondrion |
| | B) | lysosome |
| | C) | Golgi apparatus |
| | D) | rough endoplasmic reticulum |
| | E) | smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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84 | |
Large amoeboid-type cells, called macrophages, remove bacteria and worn-out red blood cells by a process called _____. |
| | A) | facilitated diffusion |
| | B) | osmosis |
| | C) | exocytosis |
| | D) | phagocytosis |
| | E) | pinocytosis |
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85 | |
The process by which a vesicle is formed at the plasma membrane to bring substances into the cell is called ______. |
| | A) | endocytosis |
| | B) | exocytosis |
| | C) | plasmolysis |
| | D) | hemolysis |
| | E) | crenation |
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86 | |
The process that requires a vesicle to fuse with the membrane, thereupon discharging its contents, is called ______. |
| | A) | exocytosis |
| | B) | endocytosis |
| | C) | pinocytosis |
| | D) | plasmolysis |
| | E) | crenation |
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87 | |
Which of the following comparisons is NOT correct? |
| | A) | endocytosis--entering by sac |
| | B) | exocytosis--leaving by sac |
| | C) | active transport--against the gradient |
| | D) | facilitated diffusion--with the gradient |
| | E) | hypotonic solution--cells shrivel |
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