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1 | | Which of the following best describes the organization of the human body? |
| | A) | epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous |
| | B) | cells, organelles, phospholipid bilayer, lacteals |
| | C) | cells, tissues, organ systems |
| | D) | cytoplasm, mitochondria, cell nucleus, lysozomes |
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2 | | Which part of the brain is involved with sensations of hunger and satiety? |
| | A) | Axon terminal |
| | B) | Hypothalamus |
| | C) | Neuroglia |
| | D) | Serotonin |
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3 | | A diabetic must take their insulin as an injection rather than in the more convenient pill form. Why is this? |
| | A) | Insulin has such an unappealing taste most people would vomit when they took it orally. |
| | B) | Since insulin is a lipid, it is not very well digested or absorbed if taken orally. |
| | C) | As a protein hormone, insulin is deactivated when taken by mouth because its biological activity is destroyed by digestive enzymes. |
| | D) | Insulin must be injected in the arm because that is where it will have its greatest effect. |
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4 | | Four types of tastes are |
| | A) | Sweet, sour, salty and bitter |
| | B) | Sweet, spicy, salty and bitter |
| | C) | Sweet, spicy, salty and hot |
| | D) | Sweet, caffeine, acidic, grassy |
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5 | | As each bolus collects in the stomach, which of the following processes are initiated? |
| | A) | Protein digestion |
| | B) | Sterilization of the food |
| | C) | Formation of chyme |
| | D) | All of the above |
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6 | | The function of mucus in the stomach is to: |
| | A) | neutralize stomach acid. |
| | B) | activate pepsinogen to form pepsin. |
| | C) | protect stomach cells from autodigestion. |
| | D) | emulsify fats. |
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7 | | Most digestion and absorption takes place in the |
| | A) | Stomach |
| | B) | Small intestine |
| | C) | Pancreas |
| | D) | Large intestine |
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8 | | Which of the following is a function of sphincter muscles? |
| | A) | Breaks apart food particles |
| | B) | Controls passage of food through the GI tract |
| | C) | Controls peristalsis |
| | D) | Releases enzymes and hormones into the GI tract |
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9 | | The liver is the first stop for most absorbed nutrients because it: |
| | A) | lies so close to the intestine. |
| | B) | controls blood flow to the heart. |
| | C) | is the end point for the portal vein. |
| | D) | must respond by making the correct amount of insulin. |
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10 | | Nutrients that enter the lymph for absorption are: |
| | A) | ascorbic acid, minerals, amino acids, and cholesterol. |
| | B) | short-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and cholesterol. |
| | C) | long-chain fatty acids, triglycerides, and vitamin A. |
| | D) | minerals, short-chain fatty acids, and carotenoids. |
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11 | | The digestion that occurs in the large intestine is caused by: |
| | A) | lipase. |
| | B) | pepsin. |
| | C) | saliva. |
| | D) | bacteria. |
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12 | | The lining of the gastrointestinal tract is replaced completely about every 2 to 5 days |
| | A) | to remove excess goblet cells that form when the diet is high in fat. |
| | B) | to break down the cells so the intestinal lining doesn't get too thick and thus prevent absorption of the nutrients. |
| | C) | due to incredible wear and tear on the lining of the GI tract. |
| | D) | since high fiber diets literally rub cells off of the intestinal lining when the fiber passes through the GI tract. |
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13 | | The gnawing pain in the upper chest that is caused by acid flowing back into the esophagus from the stomach is called: |
| | A) | lactose intolerance. |
| | B) | ulcer. |
| | C) | hemorrhoids. |
| | D) | heartburn. |
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14 | | A sensible idea for preventing constipation is to: |
| | A) | use a laxative when needed. |
| | B) | cut down on water intake. |
| | C) | include more high-fiber foods in the diet. |
| | D) | include fewer high-fiber foods in the diet. |
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15 | | After digestion and absorption, which circulatory system carries fat and fat-soluble vitamins? |
| | A) | Portal |
| | B) | Enterohepatic |
| | C) | Lymphatic |
| | D) | Mesentery |
| | E) | Systemic |
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16 | | Where does digestion begin? |
| | A) | Mouth |
| | B) | Stomach |
| | C) | Esophagus |
| | D) | Small intestine |
| | E) | Large intestine |
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17 | | Most digestion takes place in the |
| | A) | Mouth. |
| | B) | Stomach. |
| | C) | Small intestine. |
| | D) | Pancreas. |
| | E) | Large intestine. |
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18 | | What is one function of the pyloric sphincter? |
| | A) | Prevents esophageal contents from emptying too quickly into the stomach. |
| | B) | Prevents stomach contents from backing up into the esophagus. |
| | C) | Prevents intestinal contents from backing up into the stomach. |
| | D) | Prevents intestinal contents from emptying too quickly into the colon. |
| | E) | None of the above. |
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19 | | What substance helps suspend fat in a watery digestive mixture, making fat more available to digestive enzymes? |
| | A) | Bicarbonate |
| | B) | Mucus |
| | C) | Bile |
| | D) | Pancreatic juices |
| | E) | Gastrin |
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20 | | What percent of a meal has been digested by the time it leaves the small intestine? |
| | A) | 25 |
| | B) | 55 |
| | C) | 80 |
| | D) | 95 |
| | E) | 100 |
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21 | | These protein-based substances enhance digestion by making chemical reactions more likely to happen. |
| | A) | Muscles. |
| | B) | Bile. |
| | C) | Emulsifiers. |
| | D) | Enzymes. |
| | E) | Hormones. |
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22 | | Absorbtion of nutrients by intestinal cells occurs by all the following mechanisms EXCEPT |
| | A) | Sustained absorpition. |
| | B) | Passive absorption. |
| | C) | Active absorption. |
| | D) | Facilitated absorption. |
| | E) | Endocytosis. |
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23 | | Which of the following substances is primarily involved in the emulsification of fat to faciliate its digestion? |
| | A) | Bicarbonate |
| | B) | Pancreatic jucies |
| | C) | Hydrochloric acid |
| | D) | Bile |
| | E) | Mucus |
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24 | | The villi of the small intestine |
| | A) | Provide an enormous surface area that facilitates absorption. |
| | B) | Store fat-soluble vitamins. |
| | C) | Continuously move food through the small intestine to the colon. |
| | D) | Inactivate enzymes consumed with food. |
| | E) | A and C. |
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25 | | Which of the following therapies is appropriate for ulcer treatment? |
| | A) | Aspirin |
| | B) | Antacids |
| | C) | Orange juice |
| | D) | Milk and cream |
| | E) | Caffeine |
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